Psychiatry And In Cold Blood Essay English Literature Essay

Psychiatry And In Cold Blood Essay English Literature Essay On November 15, 1959, in the humble community of Holcomb, Kansas, four individuals from the Clutter family, Herbert Clutter, Bonnie Clutter, Nancy Clutter, and Kenyon Clutter, were viciously killed by two savage pirates with at first no obvious rationale in the ghastly wrongdoing. Inside the novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote recreates the occasions paving the way to the homicide and the examination that in the end prompted the catch, preliminary, and execution of the executioners, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, on April 14, 1965. During the preliminary, both of the litigants were viewed as intellectually sick, yet were capable to stand preliminary and execution as they had been perceived with the ability to segregate among good and bad, and were in this way considered intellectually rational. Despite the fact that the two litigants were intellectually sick, the jury arrived at the sound decision of execution since the intellectually sick ought not be pardon from such a discipline, in this way advocating it vital for the respondents. Since 1976, the United States has been endeavoring to evaluate the criminal duty of killers by partitioning them into two classifications, the intellectually rational and the crazy, and arraigning them fair treatment of law. In the article imprinted in, The American Journal of Psychiatry (July, 1960), written in cooperation by Karl Menninger, Irwin Rosen, and Martin Mayman, it clarifies, The normal killer is thought of as following up on sound intentions that can be seen, however denounced, and the crazy one as being driven by silly thought processes. During the preliminary of Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, the arraignment utilized the MNaghten test to decide the mental soundness of the respondents, as the test asks whether the litigant couldn't comprehend what the person in question was doing at the hour of the wrongdoing because of some deformity of reason or malady of the brain or, on the off chance that the individual knew about what she was doing, that the individual neglected to comprehend that what the person was doing wasn't right. The criminal therapist, Dr. Jones, who assessed the state of mind of the respondents, affirmed that Richard Hickock and Perry Smith were rational, despite the fact that he by and by closed both to be experiencing psychological sicknesses. In Ford versus Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986) and Panetti versus Quarterman, 127 S. Ct. 2842 (2007), the Supreme Court held and reaffirmed that it was unlawful to execute somebody who was awkward at the hour of his execution under the eighth amendment. In any case, the individuals who are intellectually sick, yet not crazy, have no such exception. Thusly, both Richard Hickock and Perry Smith were legally qualified for capital punishment as the jury arrived at the normal decision. On June 6, 1931, Richard Eugene Hickock, was conceived in Kansas City, Kansas to his folks, Walter Hickock and Eunice Hickock. Richard was brought up in Kansas City, as he went to Olathe High School, taking part as a first group competitor and known to be a famous understudy with desires to go to school, yet was insulted from his folks absence of riches, which inevitably drove him to turn into a specialist. After Richards ineffective marriage, fathering three youngsters, and his extramarital issues, he before long started taking an interest in insignificant offense wrongdoings, for example, the creation and utilization of false checks which prompted his conviction and sentence in Lansing remedial confinement, where he formulated the Clutter episode and met his sly accomplice Perry Smith. On November 15, 1959, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith executed their arrangements by ransacking and killing four individuals from the Clutter family at their home. During the indictment of the respon dents, the guard mentioned a mental assessment for Richard Hickock, who assessed by the criminal physiatrist Dr. Jones, portrayed the state of mind of Hickock, as he composed, Richard Hickock is better than expected in knowledge, gets a handle on new thoughts effectively and has a wide reserve of data. He is aware of what's going on around him, and he gives no indication of mental disarray or bewilderment. His reasoning is efficient and legitimate and he is by all accounts in great contact with the real world. In spite of the fact that I didn't locate the standard indications of natural mind harm memory misfortune, solid idea development, scholarly disintegration this can't be totally precluded. He had a genuine head injury with blackout and a few hours of obviousness in 1950 this was confirmed by me by checking medical clinic records. He says he has had power outage spells, times of amnesia, and cerebral pains since the time that time, and a significant part of his withdrawn conduct has happened since that time. He has never had the clinical tests which would demonstrate or negate the presence of lingering cerebrum harm. Conclusive clinical tests are show n before a total assessment can be said to exist. Hickock gives indications of passionate anomaly. That he comprehended what he was doing and still proceeded with it is potentially the most obvious show of this reality. He is an individual who is hasty in real life, prone to get things done without thought of results or future inconvenience to himself or to other people. He doesn't appear to be equipped for gaining as a matter of fact, and he shows a surprising example of discontinuous times of profitable action followed by obviously unreliable activities. He can't endure sentiments of dissatisfaction as a progressively ordinary individual can, and he is ineffectively ready to free himself of those emotions with the exception of through introverted action. His confidence is extremely low, and he covertly feels sub-par compared to other people and explicitly deficient. These sentiments appear to be overcompensated for by fantasies about being rich and amazing, an inclination to boast about his adventures, going through binges when he has cash, and disappointment with just the typical moderate headway he could anticipate from his activity. He is awkward in his connections to others, and has a neurotic powerlessness to shape and hold suffering individual connections. Despite the fact that he maintains common good principles he appears to be clearly uninfluenced by them in his activities. In outline, he shows genuinely ordinary qualities of what might mentally be known as an extreme character issue. It is significant that means be taken to preclude the chance of natural mind harm, since, if present, it may have considerably impacted his conduct during the previous quite a while and at the hour of the wrongdoing (Capote, 294-295). The assessment uncovered a few abnormalities in Richard Hickocks mental state, as the specialist explained was impacted by extreme character issue which would be firmly identified with serious sadness, psychopathic and sociopathic propensity, and insufficient suppression. Richards experiencing serious sorrow, which notwithstanding; different a throbbing painfulness, negative and cynical considerations, and sleep deprivation, was an immediate aftereffect of his steady sentiment of frustration to his folks, the experience of jail, difficulties during his marriage, and consistent monetary weight. Richard showed psychopathic and sociopathic attributes which included; shallow appeal, controls, solitary practices, for example, lacking blame, carrying on with a parasitic way of life, flightiness, hastiness, and neurotic lying, as portrayed, His balance, his expressness, the guaranteed introduction of unquestionable detail intrigued Nye however, obviously, the kid was lying. Generally speaki ng, the impacts of psychological instability on Richard Hickock during the Clutter kills without a doubt conceded him the character and capacity expected to easily execute the wrongdoing without dread and tragically leaving him without blame. On the off chance that the jury had not condemned Richard Hickock to death, he would have kept on being a danger to society with the chance of discharge to hurt others. On October 27, 1928, Perry Edward Smith was conceived in Huntington, Nevada to his folks Florence Julia Buckskin and John Smith. During his initial life, Perry was at first raised by his alcoholic mother, yet was set in a Catholic shelter where he was purportedly manhandled truly and genuinely by nuns. Before long, he was put in a Salvation Army halfway house, where again he was supposedly mishandled by a guardian, and was then rejoined with his dad to live. As a youngster, Perry partook in a pack and got engaged with negligible wrongdoing, which brought about confinement in adolescent homes. In the long run, Perry enrolled as a United States Merchant Marine, and served in the Korean War in the military where he attacked Korean regular citizens and troopers. Perry Smith and Richard Hickock initially met in the Kansas State Prison, at Lansing, Kansas, later continuing their associate after Hickocks discharge, and doing the arrangement to plunder the Clutters, which came about in the f amilys demise. During the arraignment of the respondents, the resistance additionally mentioned a mental assessment for Perry Smith, who assessed by the criminal physiatrist Dr. Jones, portrayed the state of mind of Smith, as he composed, Perry Smith gives clear indications of serious psychological maladjustment. His adolescence, identified with me and checked by bits of the jail records, was set apart by severity and absence of worry with respect to the two guardians. He appears to have grown up without bearing, without affection, and while never having retained any fixed feeling of virtues. He is arranged, hyper alarm to things going on about him, and gives no indication of disarray. He is better than expected in insight, and has a decent scope of data thinking about his poor instructive foundation. Two highlights as a part of his character make-up stand apart as especially neurotic. The first is his suspicious direction toward the world. He is dubious and suspicious of others, will in general feel that others victimize him, and feels that others are uncalled for to him and don't get him. He is excessively touchy to reactions that others make of him, and can't endure being ridiculed. He rushes to detect slight or af front in things other

Exegesis Essay John free essay sample

I will utilize the procedure of interpretation by discussing the socio-chronicled analysis, artistic analysis, and ideological analysis. In this section a lady who submits infidelity is brought to Jesus to get her discipline. Jesus at that point declared that any individual who hasn’t trespassed would have the option to toss a stone at her; not a solitary individual tossed a stone. The lady was then discharged and was advised to never sin again. By utilizing the three distinct kinds of analysis, I currently have a superior, progressively intensive comprehension of this section, and different entries we have concentrated too. Utilizing socio-authentic analysis I have discovered that â€Å"stoning† was a type of discipline. Being â€Å"stoned† implied that the individual who fouled up was to have stones tossed at them by the group. Once in a while the individual being stoned would bite the dust from this discipline. This was typically a type of open embarrassment too and everybody was welcome to toss stones. We will compose a custom exposition test on Exposition Essay John or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In spite of the fact that, in this entry, nobody had the option to toss stones since they were all delinquents like the lady who submitted infidelity. Something else I saw in this section was that the recorders and Pharisees brought the lady who submitted infidelity to Jesus, rather than an official or somebody of high power. I accept that in this time vigilantes were normal. That shows that numerous individuals assumed control over issues. On the off chance that they see anybody accomplishing something that are contrary to the guidelines, for this situation Moses’ charges, at that point they reserved the option to get that individual in a difficult situation all alone. Everybody reserved the privilege to aggrieve each other whenever discovered defying the norms, or erring. Through artistic analysis I have found that this section is tied in with learning your exercise and to not rush to pass judgment. The incongruity in his section is that every one of these individuals rushed to blame this lady for being evil, when in all actuality; they all were miscreants too. Jesus permitted whoever was liberated from sins to toss a stone at this lady, and individually they all left the territory since they understood that they have all trespassed before in their lives as well. The characters in John 8:1-11 are Jesus, the recorders, the Pharisees, and the philanderer. Jesus is an educator, and is found in the Mount of Olives or at sanctuary. The recorders are the ones who composed and reported things. The Pharisees are individuals from a Jewish gathering who carefully watched the conventional and composed law. Both the copyists and the Pharisees were the ones who endeavored to test Jesus’ promise to the guidelines by tenderizing the sentenced lady to Him. The lady who ommitted infidelity doesn’t state much in the section, yet she never denies the charges against her. Taking everything into account, with ideological analysis, I have had the option to relate this section with my day by day life, and the day by day lives of others. These days, there is as yet cheating or â€Å"adultery† going on. Numerous individuals that are seeing someone like marriage or simply being beau and sweetheart, can be casualties of having their life partner ch eat. I have been undermined, and have done the deceiving myself. It's anything but a positive sentiment in any case; I accepting it as an exercise took in the most difficult way possible. In this time, individuals despite everything do think about cheating/infidelity a brutal activity. There can be ramifications for it, however none, for example, stoning or anything that could prompt passing. Despite the fact that, there are those that think cheating isn’t a serious deal and that it is fine to do. Actually, I don’t figure anybody ought to get into a relationship in the event that they will ever be enticed to swindle. It is consistently a choice. No reason makes it an alright activity, regardless of whether it’s for vengeance. This section was short, however it was full with a great deal of concealed data. Utilizing these kinds of analysis truly helped me see past the plain content and to decipher it to my comprehension. I found such a significant number of new life exercises that were covered up, and I discovered ones that I never thought would identify with this entry. Additionally, this procedure made me fully aware of how comparative these antiquated short stories can be to introduce day life. I truly delighted in utilizing the interpretation procedure to reveal the huge amounts of concealed data two or three passages can hold.

The Gain and Loss of Naming Essay Example

The Gain and Loss of Naming Essay Example The Gain and Loss of Naming Essay The Gain and Loss of Naming Essay What do we gain and what do we lose when we name something? At the point when we name something, we are actually grouping that item or individual and along these lines losing or controlling the information that encompasses its appearance, and so forth. By naming something (I. e. an item), we risk not portraying its appearance precisely and being deluding. A case of an item/item being deceivingly named is the Coca-Cola Companys option in contrast to the first form Diet Coke, officially known as Diet Coca-Cola (otherwise called Coca-Cola Light or Coke Light). By putting the word diet in the item name, it consequently appears to be a more beneficial option in contrast to the first Coca-Cola. The contrast between the two is that Diet Coke contains no sugar, rather a fake sugar called aspartame. Diet Coke was improved with aspartame after the sugar opened up in the U. S during the 80s. In any case, to set aside cash, this was initially in a mix with saccharin. Obscure to people in general, saccharin was really a side-effect of coal tar and was amazingly harming to wellbeing with contemplates demonstrating a connection between's saccharin utilization and expanded recurrence of malignancy. In any case, saccharin isn't the main dangerous sugar present in Diet Coke; certain investigations have indicated potential associations among aspartame and negative impacts, for example, migraines, cerebrum tumors, mind sores, and lymphoma. In established truth, Diet Coke contains no calories and is in this way thought to be sound; however I would incline toward the sugar-bounteous unique Coca-Cola. At any rate I can be certain that Im not risking creating malignant growth from drinking coal tar. By naming something, we risk losing the idea of what it really is, and rather picking up the meanings encompassing the word being referred to. Human instinct remembers a characteristic inclination to recognize everything for our view, which implies that it is highly unlikely to abstain from naming everything around us. Be that as it may, naming things is additionally helpful as it empowers us to make reason of something so it bodes well. It is a simple method of ordering a lot of data that can be effectively reviewed in our psyches by the utilization of single word rather than a wordy depiction of its appearance as well as verifiable foundation of how it came to be in presence. A case of this is the word pencil one consequently thinks about the thoughts: composing instrument, long, dainty, wooden, mechanical, lead. At that point comes the word affiliation: sharpener, eraser, ruler, pencil case, and so on. These words are activated by a memory review started by the utilization of the first word: pencil. By utilizing a solitary word, the item can be alluded to with minimal measure of exertion included. Concerning naming individuals infants specifically giving them a name gives them a feeling of being and a personality. With personality comes the sentiment of mindfulness. Knowing what your identity is important for accomplishment in the savage society of today, and the capacity to be fruitful is reliant on the single accomplishment of this trademark. By naming things, we both arrange that article or individual so they are alluded to easily, and yet losing or controlling the information that encompasses its appearance. In any case, the increase exceeds the misfortune in this circumstance; all things being equal, the trait of naming things is a crucial human thing regardless of whether it caused a misfortune, we would in any case do it.

A Souvenir of Japan essays

A Souvenir of Japan expositions The fundamental components of this story manage the association of character and setting. The fundamental character and furthermore storyteller of this story is willfully ignorant of reality, her darling isn't infatuated with her, he is simply fixated on being enamored with her. Both of these characters are aware of this bound relationship, yet both are frail to stop it. In the start of the story the principle character portrays the traditions of Japan and the job of the ladies and how they simply consume the room and once in a while come out of it. In a general public where men rule they esteem ladies just as the object of mens interests thusly to her sweetheart she was only an article, yet an extraordinary item an irregularity in Japan. She dislike the remainder of the locals; she was Caucasian and along these lines making her progressively outlandish and thusly making the undertaking increasingly enthusiastic and energizing for her local sweetheart. It appeared that this man had a lot of desire for her, which she deciphered as adoration thus she cherished him back. It was obvious in the accompanying that their relationship was simply founded on desire and energy and nothing else We were living in a room outfitted distinctly by enthusiasm. She was up to speed at the time where refusal and mindfulness were both present. Her musings when he was gone appear to be aware of his offenses, for example, remaining out late with companions, yet she set out to hang tight for him as a dependable sweetheart. Activities, for example, those persuaded that she was denying herself reality, she was mindful of the setting and their conviction framework in Japan. She realized that her darling was a result of those conviction frameworks, yet she kept on respecting him even still. At the point when she discussed Momotaro it appeared that she was depicting her darling, this shrewd yet charming animal. What's more, paying little mind to his ridiculous quality she despite everything would not like to give up as portrayed in the accompanying I ought to have gotten a kick out of the chance to have had him treated and had the option to keep... <!

Family planning Essay

Studies show that the young are increasingly powerless and at a more serious hazard without appropriate conceptive wellbeing administrations. Youthful pregnancies represent 30% of every day by day birth in the Philippines. As per the Commission on Population, 3 out of 4 young ladies kick the bucket regular in view of maternal confusions. Besides, An examination by the National Epidemiology Center in 2005 shows youthful pregnancies have the most noteworthy pace of fetal passings, particularly by ladies under age 15. In December 2010, the Department of Health reports that there are 489 instances of youngsters and ladies contaminated with HIV. There are 6 new and one of a kind location of HIV regular, 59% of which is in 20-29 years of age section and 28% have a place with the 15-24 years age run. In accordance with these issues, there is a need to make arrangements. One of extraordinary arrangements would be the usage of the Reproductive Health bill, or the RH bill. One of the points of the RH charge is to take care of these issues by giving access restoratively protected, legitimate, reasonable and quality characteristic and present day family arranging strategies. The RH bill additionally expects to ensure all inclusive access to data about anti-conception medication and maternal consideration. Subsequently, the RH Bill ought to be passed on the grounds that it causes the Philippines to lean towards progress by offering ladies social insurance, giving sexual instruction to understudies, and helping the Filipinos to have mindful family arranging. There are reasons why the conceptive wellbeing bill isn't yet passed; be that as it may, larger part of the individuals accept that the points of interest brought by the usage of the regenerative wellbeing bill will exceed the cons that go with it. As indicated by the overview facilitated by Pulse Asia, 69% of the respondents from various locales are master RH bill and they accept that the execution of the bill would accomplish more great than hurt. The main conceivable impediment is that the cash that will be utilized in subsidizing the bill would be dependent upon defilement from authorities. A gauge of 14 billion pesos would be assigned to the bill if the bill would be actualized (Department of Health, 2012). The cash included can daze those corruptofficials; nonetheless, wellbeing and advancement ought to be organized. The bill gives social insurance administrations to ladies and the underestimated. The Women and underestimated are organized by accommodating their needs, for example, lawful, moderate and quality regenerative human services administrations. After the usage of the bill, the State ensures all inclusive access to therapeutically protected, legitimate, moderate and quality conceptive social insurance administrations, strategies, gadgets, supplies and significant data subsequently even as it organizes the requirements of ladies and youngsters, among other oppressed divisions (SECTION 2, RH Bill, 2008). Moreover, ladies looking for care for post-premature birth confusions will be dealt with and advised in a sympathetic, non-critical and merciful way. The legislature will guarantee that ladies looking for care for post-fetus removal complexities will be dealt with and guided in an accommodating, non-critical and empathetic way. (Segment 3, RH Bill, 2008). The wellbeing and advancement of the minimized segment and the ladies ought to be obviously organized over the dange r of the cash being taken by undermined authorities. S

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Reasons Why People Are Living Longer

Sample TOEFL Multiple Choice Essay Reasons Why People Are Living Longer Sample TOEFL Essay (Multiple Choice)The QuestionIn general, people are living longer now. Which of the following do you think accounts forthis phenomenon?Technological improvementsChanges to education systemsImprovements to our dietsUse specific details and examples in your answer. You may choose more than one cause.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample EssayWithout a doubt, people are living longer these days than ever before. In my opinion, this is a result of many helpful technological advances. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, developments in medical science have saved and lengthened many lives. Newly discovered pharmaceuticals and medical devices assist doctors in a wide range of ways. They help in the prevention of illness, in the diagnosis of disease and during treatment. My personal history is a compelling example of this. Several years ago I was diagnosed with skin cancer. Fortunately, my cancer was discovered at a very early stage and my doctor treated me right away. Moreover, I fortunately avoided experiencing any unexpected side-effects. All of this happened at a modern facility at a high-tech hospital close to my home. In contrast, several decades ago my grandfather passed away as a result of prostate cancer. He was diagnosed properly, but not soon enough to save his life. This was because there was simply no technology available to make the diagnosis at that time. Secondly, modern technology gives individuals much more manageable working lives than people had in the past. These days a lot of tasks are automated, which means they are carried out by computers or robotic systems. This means that, unlike in the past, employees don’t need to spend long hours at their workplace every day. For instance, I work just thirty-five hours each week. This gives me plenty of time in the evenings and weekends to get a lot of exercise and to relieve my stress by pursuing my hobbies. Moreover, most of my friends and colleagues have a similar schedule. I am quite certain that my anxiety-free life and healthy body will help me to live a long time. My uncle, who is much older than I, worked more than forty-five hours each week during his career. Without machines to pick up the slack for him, his duties were physically demanding and he developed a lot of mental health problems as he aged. The toll his work took on his body was a major cause of his early death by heart attack, in my opinion. The comparison of myself and my uncle demonstrate how today’s employment conditions help us live longer. In conclusion, I strongly believe that technology is the main reason why people today live longer than earlier generations. This is because it helps us to avoid serious health problems, and it makes our working lives a lot easier to bear. (425 words)Note:This is a sample TOEFL essay written by a native speaker. It follows the instructions in our master guidefor independent essays. If it is useful, please remember that we havemany more sample essaysfor you to read!

MCAT in Your Future (or Present) Tune in Now!

document.createElement('audio'); http://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/IV_with_Alec_Lee.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyAre you panicking about the impending MCAT changes? Trying to figure out a prep strategy? Wondering how to best position yourself for MCAT success? Meet the guy with the answers to your MCAT questions. Listen to the recording of our interview with M Prep co-founder Alec Lee for the scoop on MCAT2015, test prep, and what his completely online program can do for you. 00:03:01 – Kenya Ceramic Products   and how Alec ended up in Kenya. 00:05:47 – Text books are just not too much fun: The birth of M Prep. 00:07:40 – M Prep’s (incredible) products and distinct approach. 00:16:56 – No resources for a student struggling with one area here’s why. 00:22:11 – Strategy for non-traditional applicants who’ve been out of class for a while. 00:25:22 – Who scores better on the MCAT? 00:26:55 – How much time to invest in MCAT prep. 00:28:50 – The role of sheer practice in MCAT success. 00:31:17 – Motivating applicants. 00:33:11 – MCAT2015: What applicants have to look forward to. 00:39:41 – Who should rush to take the old MCAT? (Just about everybody!) 00:43:14 – Important advice for applicants. *Theme music is courtesy of  podcastthemes.com. Related Links: †¢Ã‚  M Prep/MCAT Question of the Day †¢ Create a Compelling AMCAS Application †¢Ã‚  Medical School Reapplicant Advice: 6 Tips for Success †¢Ã‚  A Second Chance at Medical School: Applying to Postbac Programs †¢ The MCAT2015 Exam for Students Related Shows: †¢ MCAT Mania: How to Prepare †¢Ã‚  All About AMSA and the Premed Journey   †¢Ã‚  What You Need to Know About Post-bac Programs   †¢Ã‚  A Window into the World and Life of Medical Scribes   †¢Ã‚  Med School Application Process: AMCAS, Secondaries, Interviews, Decisions More!   †¢ What You Need to Know About  Med School Admissions   Subscribe to Admissions Straight Talk:

Nonverbal Forms of Communication that Can Be Used in...

Introduction It can be easy to take words for granted. The simple act of communicating needs and desires to other human-beings is an almost automatic action. While communication may seem simple, there are instances where the most common methods of communication are not enough. Children who have been abused often lack the verbal language skills needed to convey the horror of what has happened to them (Scheeringa, Weems, Cohen, Amaya-Jackson, Guthrie, 2011). In 2011 alone, over 61,000 cases of child sexual abuse were reported in the United States of America (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2011). The number that was reported is staggering enough without factoring in how many were NOT reported. Child sexual abuse is such an epidemic that the Center for Disease Control has done research and studies on child sexual abuse and created manuals about how to prevent it (Centers for Disease Control, 2007). This is an issue that we all need to address, as well as the fact that Traum a-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), the most widely used treatment method for children who have been sexually abused, is not sufficient by itself. This essay will discuss some nonverbal forms of communication that can be used in building a therapeutic relationship, as well as a safe environment for young children who have been sexually abused, and the need for the inclusion of Art Therapy and Play Therapy in TF-CBT as a way for children to communicate their Trauma Narrative

The Problem Of Social Class - 1189 Words

Running Head: Misfortune of the Unfortunate Hurricane Katrina and the Misfortune of the Unfortunate Ibrahim Farag University of Louisville Inequality has been a topic of discussion in the United States—as well as the vast majority of the world—for a significant period of time now. While there is no denying that inequality exists, I believe that it has become assumed to be the underlying problem in a lot of cases where it doesn’t necessarily apply. There are a number of problems in society that can’t be fixed because the solution is designed around the idea that inequality is the issue, and if people were to identify the true underlying problem in a lot of cases: social class, then we can concoct a solution to address the†¦show more content†¦Reed doesn’t completely dismiss the significant role that race plays in shaping the economic and social hierarchy in New Orleans; ultimately class is the more effective characteristic however, in predicating who was capable of evacuating the city prior to the hurricanes arrival, who was capable of surviving the hurricane itself/remained in shelters elsewhere, whose interests will be taken into account regarding the cities reconstruction, and who will be capable of returning to New Orleans. (Reed 2006) Essentially the real reason people stayed in New Orleans as opposed to evacuating, wasn’t because they chose to do so, but because they didn’t have the means to. Reed clearly emphasizes that in New Orleans, there is clearly â€Å"no lack of racial inequality, or frankly racist ideology† (Reed 2006). However, the reason racism was so dramatically deemed the factor responsible for the inequality and injustice, is because â€Å"in the contemporary United States race is the most familiar language of inequality and injustice† (Reed 2006). Meaning race was the easy choice to explain what happened is because in modern U.S. we are used to race being the predominant source of inequality and injustice. Reed believes that the race critique doesn’t explain the deep

A Comparison of Moral Conflict in Antigone and A Dolls...

Conflict Between Individual Morals and State Laws in Antigone and A Dolls House Mother, should I trust the government? Or should I trust myself? This dilemma is a common one in a great deal of literature. In Antigone and A Doll’s House, the main theme is the question of whether one should be true to oneself or true to one’s state or society. Should Nora (in A Doll’s House) and Antigone (in Antigone) â€Å"follow the rules† and do what the state and society want them to do or should they follow their own consciences? Both plays address the conflict between individual morals and state laws, obedience and disobedience, and understanding oneself. Antigone shows the contrast between state law and†¦show more content†¦For the state and state laws to exist there have to be the people too. The state depends on the people and not just the ruler. Haemon: A one-man state? What sort of a state is that? Creon: Why, does not every state belong to its ruler? Haemon: Youd be an excellent king - on a desert island (Sophocles page #). Haemon questions whether Creons judgements are correct or not (above). For Antigone the divine law is what should be used instead of the state law, which is defined only by what the king wants. Therefore should Haemon and Antigone oppose the state law? The king makes up the main part of the state, and decides whether the laws he makes are fair, and do not object to these laws otherwise he wouldnt be king. Some may think that it is wrong that people should oppose the states laws, and should just follow them, but then they will never get to have their own beliefs and never have a better understanding of themselves in the end. In Antigone there is the state and its laws, but in A Dolls House we see more of the society, and the laws it enforces on the individual. The societys rules prevent the characters from seeing and expressing their true nature. When Krogstad tells Nora that the law takes no account of good motives, she cries, Then they must be very bad laws (Ibsen page #). This causes a problem for the main female characters, in deciding ifShow MoreRelatedA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The SubjectionRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pageson the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of Mirth Their Eyes Were Watching God Jude the Obscure 2003 (Form A): According

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning....

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning. A sonnet is a poem, which traditionally contains the subject of love. The creator of the sonnet was a man named Francesco Petrarca who was usually referred to as Petrarch. Petrarch wrote many of his sonnets based upon himself, and his lover, Laura. The conventional format of a sonnet contains fourteen lines, and is segregated to illustrate two arguments. Every sonnet takes the conventional format of fourteen lines, although the way the arguments are split up, may be different. For example, Petrarch and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings sonnet both take the format of an octave and a sestet, whereas Shakespeares sonnet takes the format of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet.†¦show more content†¦The Petrarchan sonnet is in the form of an octave and a sestet, which explores the personas experience of unrequited love. In the octave, Petrarch is searching for his lost lover, Laura. This can be proven in the first line of the sonnet, A thousand times to make my peace I sought. The persona describes his deep love for Laura by using descriptive and metaphorical language. He elevates Laura to a high point by using religious imagery, while he is still below her. And offer you my heart; but little thought had your proud spirit to look down so low. This line also tells us that the persona had offered his love to Laura, but she rejected it; she did not return his affections. From the fourth line and onwards, love is described as being imprisoned. Yet if another would that heart enchain, is an example of this. He believes that Laura is not accepting his love because she has changing dreams and hopes, which are just imaginary. She lives in fickle hopes and dreams untrue. He is also speaking about how any other woman would have hopes and dreams about capturing his heart because it is bound to Laura. In the seventh line of the octave, Petrarch has mentioned about how the persona has things in common with his lover Laura. For example, he hates the things that she hates. Since I despise all the things that you disdain. In the sestet of, Sonnet XXL, the subject changes from the search for love, to the journey of love.Show MoreRelatedIdealised love hope and mortality in The Great Gatsby and Sonnets from the Portuguese5394 Words   |  22 PagesElizabeth Barret-Brownings Sonnets from the Portuguese and F. Scott. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby both reflect, in abstract style and varying contexts and elements, the experience of idealised love, hope and mortality. The elements employed by Barret-Browning and Fitzgerald, differ in their depictions of these themes through various literary devices, two of which are points of view and motifs/symbols. Barret-Brownings sonnet sequence illustrates a complex evolution of emotions as the poet

Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Free Essays

Title: – Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Theme: – Recent advances in commerce and management Introduction: Competency for any job can be defined as a set of human attributes that enables an employee to meet the expectations of his internal and external customers and stake holders. We have generally observed that only hard work, knowledge, sincerity towards work, and intelligence does not alone makes a person star performer in his/her profession. There are many other factors that actually help an individual practically in achieving success in performing job. We will write a custom essay sample on Competency Based Recruitment and Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example we have observed that during our school or college days a star student who scores maximum marks in exam may or may not be a good leader. Similarly to this a good batsman may or may not be a good bowler in the game of cricket. The only reason behind this to be a leader requires different set of competencies and to be a good bowler requires a different set of competencies than for a good batsman. That’s why human qualities and attributes which makes a person suitable for his/her job defines competency for that particular job. A competent manager is always aware about different competencies that a person requires to perform the job effectively and efficiently. And on the basis of their knowledge about this they select and train their subordinates for that job. There are many factors such are Social culture, work environment, nature of business, Organizational structure, responsibilities, nature of process and assigned activities, attitude and motives of management affects competency require for particular job. Competency based recruitment and selection focuses on identifying those candidates that can evidence those behaviourally defined characteristics which underpin desired performance in the role you are seeking. Competency based Human Resource Management: A general objective behind hiring a candidate to perform a particular job is to get that job done effectively and efficiently. In short all organizations strive to achieve excellence in whatever business they are. To achieve this goal it is very essential that the entire jobs are performed efficiently and effectively by all the employees. To achieve excellence in performing any job by an employee it is important that an employee should be competent to perform that job. Competency based Human Resource Management helps any organization in achieving in objective. Competency based human resource management is promising as best approach in developing and preserving competent human resources. Competency based approaches to human resource management have been developed since psychologist David McClelland’s research on competency concept. He is credited with launching the competency movement through the publication of his paper titled â€Å"Testing for competencies rather than intelligence†, in which he suggested that academic aptitude and knowledge content tests alone cannot predict a high level of performance, but personal qualities, motives, experience and behavioural characteristics can distinguish most successful from less successful individuals Meaning of Competencies: The Treasury Board of Canada has defined â€Å"competencies† as the knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours that an employee applies in performing his/her work and that are the key employee-related levers for achieving results that are relevant to the organization/s business strategies. Competency may be defined as: â€Å"The behaviourally defined characteristics which strengthen effective and superior performance†. It’s all about how the person should behave in order to achieve the objectives. According to Schroder competencies are personal effective skills which vary from more basic specialized functional skills to the generic, person based higher level competencies. Competencies allow focus process-â€Å"How things are done? † not simply on outcomes. Classification of competencies: †¢ Core Competencies The Core competencies include those key competencies that all employees in the organization must possess to achieve its mandate and vision. These competencies describe in behavioural terms the key values of the organization and represent those competencies that are core to the organization’s principal mandate. Career Stream Competencies The Career Stream competencies are those behavioural competencies that are common to the all jobs in the stream, and combined with the organization-wide (core) competencies, make up the suite of behavioural competencies necessary for success in the Stream. †¢ Technical / Professional Competencies The technical/profes sional competencies tend to be specific to occupational areas, roles and / or jobs within the Career Stream, and include the specific skills and knowledge (know-how) to perform effectively within the jobs of the Stream (e. . ability to use particular software; knowledge in particular professional areas such as finance, biochemistry; etc. ). These competencies could be generic to the Career Stream as whole, or be specific to roles, levels or jobs within the group. These are the competencies some one must demonstrate to be effective in his job/role, task or duty. Thus these competencies are job or role specific and vary from job to job. A competency model can be used to develop specific job related competencies and come out with a competency dictionary. These competencies are organization specific as roles and responsibilities may vary from organization to organization even though the job title may be the same. Generally HR department of organizations is focused on developing professional competencies and evaluating the same during recruitment and selection process. This classification of different types competencies in not all inclusive it’s an open field of research. In addition to this, competencies can be classified as Personal competencies also. Personal competency includes the various behavioral competencies apart from the knowledge and skill level of an individual. It includes personal attributes like level of motivation, adaptability, developing oneself etc. It also includes interpersonal skills like relationship building, communication ability, openness towards change, cultural awareness etc. In addition to this we can define people management competencies like Leadership, Directing, team building capacity, capacity to work with a team, counseling people, providing motivation, knowledge transformation. A Competency model: A â€Å"competency profile† or â€Å"competency model† is defined as a set of competencies and includes associated behaviours that link directly to the work to be performance, and the levels of proficiency for each behaviour. Competency profiles can cover a group of positions / jobs within an organization. I have developed following process to develop a competency model that can be used for the purpose of delivering competency based recruitment and selection in a desired way. A Competency model is the basic tool or competency based recruitment and selection. A Competency model tries to explain what and all competencies are required to perform different jobs in an organization. A competency model also tries to prioritize the competencies for different jobs. It describes these competencies in the form of indicators, which can be quantified. Each competency can be quantified on a scale on the basis of its relative importance with respect to each job. This serves as a reference for all competency management activities in the organization. Competency model is organization specific as each organization may have its own way of defining and quantifying competencies and competencies may be unique for each organization. Procedure to develop standard competencies: 1. First step is to identify the competencies to perform different jobs. Main source to identify these competencies are job description and job specification. On the basis of that a specific competencies can be identified because these throws light on duties, responsibilities, tasks involved in the job. This will work out as basic list of competencies required within an organization. . Now the next step is to find out critical competencies for all jobs, prioritizing them and to give more significance. These core competencies can be find out through discussion with immediate supervisors for the job position. They are more aware of the different competencies required for performing job efficiently. It also includes brainstorming sessions with managers. 3. After finis hing first two steps, the next is to develop the overall list of kinds of competencies required to perform a job. This includes both primary and secondary set of competencies. This can be further categorized job wise competencies also. With this step now we have a whole dictionary of competencies required. 4. Once the dictionary of competency is ready, now the next step is to prioritize and rate or provide weightage to different competency on the basis of its importance for the particular job. This will help us in quantifying competencies. 5. A model for developing standard competencies is now prepared. This can be used as a tool in competency based recruitment and selection by developing different tests to measure such competencies. Competencies are not static for any job. It is a very dynamic in nature. As the time changes and environment becomes more complicated, competencies required to perform a job also changes. Competency based recruitment and selection: Recruitment can be defined as â€Å"The process of surveying all sources of personnel, inside and outside the organization, to locate and attract the best possible candidates for new or vacated positions†. One of the most important problems in any organization is developing an effective recruitment and selection process which can choose right candidate for a right job. Many organizations have already experienced the cost of selecting a candidate who is not competent for performing job although he is qualified and knowledgeable person. Competency based approach for recruitment and selection calls for more meaningful competency based job descriptions, more appropriate job advertisements, better screening process, Specific competency based written tests like psychometric tests, Specific behaviorally based interviews popularly known as behavioral event interviews, tailored reference checks based on desired competencies of specific role. With the help of competency based recruitment and selection process it is possible to improve efficiency of the job getting done in the right way, which leads to achievement of desired results. Following diagram explains the process of recruitment and selection based on competency. [pic] Identifying Recruitment Strategy Team: Form a workgroup whose primary objective will be to develop a gap-closing recruitment plan for the company. The team should include: †¢ Key Human Resources personnel. †¢ Staff who have knowledge and responsibility for day-to-day operations. Other work units as appropriate given your agency’s size and organizational structure. Bringing together a Recruitment Strategy Team from different parts of the company offers a number of advantages: †¢ Team members may have a variety of networking contacts. †¢ Team members may bring new perspectives that result in creative ideas that surface through brainstorming. †¢ Teams members may become m ore invested in the recruitment process and support/encourage involvement of their respective organizational units. Preparation of competency dictionary: Dictionary for competency can be developed with the help of competency model discussed earlier. Defining competency based job profiles: Jobs can be better described in terms of the competencies needed for performing the various activities demanded by the job. The competency based approach defines jobs in terms competencies and this more flexible as rigid descriptions used in traditional job descriptions resulted in employees performing strictly defined tasks. Recruitment and selection methods will have to be based on competency based job profiles. Role analysis can be a better means of developing competency based job profiles. Role descriptions are more effective in identifying job related competencies and thus developing competency profiles. The competency based qualification standards can be based on whole person competency based approach, and characterized by more assessment options and easy to quantify and hence evaluate. . Recruitment Advertisement: A good advertisement is one which can convey the candidates the exact needs of the organization in terms of the basic job related competencies which are necessary for performing the job competently. The exact competencies for each job are available in the competency dictionary and this can be used for advertising purpose to tell possible candidates what knowledge, skills, and attributes they must possess to be able to apply for the job. Competency Tests: Psychometric tests are psychological tests which can provide useful information about a wide range of competencies of an individual like abilities, aptitudes, values and skills, and can function as a scientific aid in selection. These tests are based on person-job fit concept. Psychometric tests are used for several applications like selection, promotion, transfer, placement, and potential appraisal. Different types of psychometric tests can be used are: Personality tests, Occupational interest, Ability test, Value system test, etc. Competency Interviews: A Competency Based Interview is a structured series of questions aimed at eliciting evidence of a candidate’s behavioural fit against specific job-related competencies. In competency based interviews, behavioral focused interviews are used. In behavioral focused interview, the underlying philosophy is that the past behavior is the best predictor of future performance. These types of interviews are generally characterized by questions that relate to specific behaviours which have been found to be linked to successful/superior performance on the job. Candidates are not asked to describe how they would respond in a particular situation or event – that is, they are not asked for hypothetical thinking and responses. But they are asked to describe what they have done, what behaviours they have used, in a certain situation or event which has occurred in the past. Interviewers halting the candidate’s response to a question once they have heard sufficient evidence of the candidate’s competency. A Competency Based interview process will allow for evidence based information which can then be verified with a candidate’s referees. Competency Reference checks: Competency based reference checks the competencies that a candidate has actually exhibited in the past. The information can be obtained from the previous employers or the educational institutions from where the candidates have passed out. Reference checks can be designed in the form of a questionnaire which can be used to obtain information about the candidate’s previous performance levels or capacity to exhibit competencies when needed. Selection of the candidate Training and Development Plans: On the basis of the reference checks and other competency testing we can now select the right person for the right job. Once the candidate is selected further plans for training can be prepared on the basis of the competencies required for meeting future changes in doing the job. Conclusion: From our discussion it is clear that competency based recruitment and selection can be more effective in selecting right candidate for the right job to enhance organizational efficiency. Thus organization’s need to develop a competency model which can be used as standard yard stick for implementing competency based recruitment and selection. This can not only reduce the cost of hiring the people but also enhance productivity significantly by building human resources as per the exact needs of the organization in complex business environment. Author:Nishant C. Mehta Lecturer, Shri H D Gardi MBA College, Jamnagar road, Nyara, Rajkot, Gujarat. Phone: +919227227501 Email: nishantcmehta@hotmail. com ———————– Identify the Recruitment Strategy Team Preparation of competency dictionary Defining competency based job profiles Recruitment Advertisement Selection of the candidate Competency Reference checks Competency Interviews Competency Tests Employee Training and Development Plans How to cite Competency Based Recruitment and Selection, Papers

Contemporary Challenges to It Managers

Question: Explain about the contemporary challenges to it managers. Answer: Outsourcing: Outsourcing today has transformed into a key pay and advancement procedure for skirting on every present organization. It makes flexibility in the association, ensuring the best utilization of open resources inside the association. It similarly offers ventures cost central focuses and free up their organization resources. More significantly, outsourcing helps firms to be locked in. Since the most gainful resource inside organization is time, once a method is adequately outsourced, the organization gets continuously and fruitful time to explore new salary streams, time to stimulate diverse ventures and time to focus on customers. For the most part directors contribute 80 percent of their vitality administering purposes of interest, and only 20 percent on orchestrating and customer relations, figuratively speaking, a productive toward the ocean outsourcing technique can reverse this extent. Outsourcing can in like manner help associations to have induction to new developments that won' t not be used as a piece of their association. This is fundamentally in light of the fact that the offshore outsourcing destinations use the latest best in class advances to serve their overall clients. Besides, may in like manner construct the chances of snappy development of these associations to new advancement. Toward the ocean outsourcing moreover helps multinational associations to manhandle the time zone advantage, by benefitting from 24-hour progression cycle. Tolerating round the clock organization preferences furthermore offering it to their customers when required(Chakravarty, Grewal, Sarker, and Sambamurthy, 2014). The consistently creating weight for extended productivity and profit of the American Companies joined with the openness of potential straightforwardness work of making countries, for instance, China and India have drove various associations towards offshore outsourcing. This is by virtue of these associations found the likelihood of an out and out cut down cost work pool a staggering allurement to move towards offshore outsourcing. In this way, the weights to reduce expenses and improve proficiency are the key components that influenced the begin of toward the ocean outsourcing. For example, the key purposes important to move era to China are the low work costs, terrible unrefined materials, and modestly negligible exertion of transportation. In this way, today outsourcing has transformed into an engaging and fit procedure for associations to reduce cost and upgrade execution. The expression "Outsourcing" is generally used when Companies contract out certain business abilities to an external supplier, wiping out the need to keep up inside staff essential to perform that limit. Outsourcing does not relentlessly recommend that livelihoods and creation are relocated to another country. Regardless, offshore outsourcing is the contracting of these business abilities to associations in lower cost, generally making nations, for instance, India, China, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Toward the ocean outsourcing implies trade with an unaffiliated assembling, while off-shoring suggests trade with a related party(Raman and Ahmad, 2013). Call Centres: Call centre, otherwise called Customer Interaction Center is a spot which is for the most part occupied with getting and transmitting countless, backings and request from clients by means of phone. Call centre is creating by sensational and quick speed, is steadily turning into an imperative and fundamental part arrange in present day ventures or organizations. It has been generally utilized as a part of city, open security, activity control, postal administrations, information transfers, saving money, protection, securities, power, IT and TV shopping industry, and in addition all items and stocks which need to utilize phone advertising, administration and support furthermore drastically overhauled the nature of administration exchanges and operational productivity. This article is going to portray how the administration works in call focus, investigation of the issues that specialists are confronting and propose a few answers for businesses and representatives to overcome regarding administrative difficulty , or enhance representatives' occupation fulfillment also(Ibrahim, 2012). Exceptionally organized and observed workplace is the primary reason prompting solid weight for specialists in contemporary call focus. All the more particularly, strict timetable of work, assignment target, rest, lunch time, or even the utilizing can are arranged and constrained. "Time off the telephone is observed." John Rolland clarified, the Executive Director in Telstra Customer Sales Service. The representative will confront some inconveniences when they went to washroom more than twice. "It demonstrates that 30 for every penny of aggregate compensation is at danger if targets are not met, and that as a consequence of partaking in the motivation arrangement, base pay and superannuation will be decreased." The remaining time is in the constant working and rehashing the same work that answer the telephone amid the entire day time frame, it can be envisioned to the real circumstance. As a staff who worked in a call centre said, "This is a troublesome work environment. You must hav e the capacity to take care of issues rapidly and be decent to clients notwithstanding when they are discourteous." The work day is much the same as a machine doing likewise undertakings ordinary. Besides, they need to adjust the differing qualities condition for noting clients' inquiries, which would be recorded for the checking their exhibitions. John Rolland depicted that "As happens in numerous call focuses, administrators check the amount of time experts go through on the telephone with any one client; measure the time they spend off the telephone; and screen the dialect utilized by specialists when they attempt to make a deal."(Ball Margulis, 2011). Electronic Waste(e-Waste): Electronic waste known as E-waste is one of the developing and rising issue in this world. E-waste comprises of numerous segments as dangerous substances which effectively affect human wellbeing and environment if not legitimately took care of. Creating nations have a few dumping of e-waste that accept the significance of administration. This brief paper gives EPR enactment to diminish the dangers of E-waste, dealing with the concerning issues, reusing operations and NGOs cooperation to battle it. It additionally concentrates on the developing issues and their key arrangements. Misuse of electrical and electronic material was considered as cost variable in past. Least demanding and least expensive method for transfer was chosen to put at the closest separation. At national level the acts of transfer are not permitted in numerous subjects. Misuse of the metropolitan strong comprises in electronic and electrical types of gear. Waste administration has been created for the all organizat ions required toward the end of life administration of electronic administration. Misuse of hardware and electrical supplies builds the mass of the dangerous inputs into nearby waste streams. On the off chance that the volume of the E-waste surpasses to that of prepared in assembling of items from the mining operations, then regardless of it will be a mineral situated on the globe. On the one hands this E-waste is utilized as crude material to shape new items while then again it has extremely unsafe potential effects on the environment. An expert looks the end of life procedures and also the chain values that are sorting, logistics and accumulation methodologies. Numerous systems were taken in hands for the medications of this E-waste like incineration and landfill. Already the reuse, reusing and remanufacturing of the E-waste is unequivocally prescribed to lessen the volume of these E-waste(Herat, 2009). Reusing is additionally underscored that is connected with the disgraceful transfer of materials. The circle of the modern waste can be shut by reusing of these waste materials as to manage the economy of that specific industry. In industrialized nations reusing has turned into a typical practice toward the end of life procedures. Reusing methodologies additionally contrast in yielding the standard quality items. A few elements are considered to reuse the E-waste for helpful purposes. A vital component of reusing procedure is to handle the circumstances emerging amid procedures as treatment of dangers materials, wellbeing and human services of specialists, rates of reusing and levels of reused material. It is watched that a long scale advancement of reusing of E-waste is accomplished in industrialized nations like U.S, Asia and Europe. Developed maker obligation is a principle strategy to handle this sort of issue. EPR assumes primary part for the makers to fuse the end of life aspec ts to plan new items. It is critical to give the vital motivations to every one of those included in making the administrative strategies. This can be upheld by the investigation of two Norwegian researchers the individuals who uncovered the pivotal part of administrative arrangements. They put the certainties of their overview and review members addressed that primary green innovative changes happen from the ecological directions in EU(Osibanjo Nnorom, 2007). Diasater Recovery: Merrill Lynch gives item and administrations to a great many brokers, speculators, organizations, and even to a huge number of individuals all around the world. This association is huge to the point that it has customers in more than 100 of nations all through the entire world. Business coherence is imperative for Merrill Lynch. We have distinguished all the real applications and elements of our organizations and built up a custom DR arrangement that is a flawless fit for this organization. For Merrill Lynch, high information accessibility is essential since we need our clients and customers to be associated with our servers and PCs all the time so as to maintain our business capacities their organizations too. Since this is a money related organization, we need to ensure that the organizations that depend on us are additionally protected and sound. Their future is our organization's future. We have composed our catastrophe recuperation arrangement in a manner that if anything happen s to our association, we realize that we are one hundred percent safe(Chandra Acosta, 2010). Above all else, we have to answer a critical inquiry before executing the calamity recuperation arrangement in our company. What are we attempting to secure in our organization? Why do we require catastrophe recuperation arrangement? What are the key resources of the association? These are a portion of the inquiries we have to reply before actualizing this arrangement. Our organization needs individuals, areas, IT advancements, programming, equipment, and other substantial and additionally non-unmistakable things that are required to work our business. These things are imperative to us. Truth be told, everything that backings our business progression arrangement is basic for our business. In this manner, this calamity recuperation arrangement covers every one of the techniques and methodology to ensure a wide range of things that are imperative to us. For instance, our hot destinations are on standby everywhere throughout the nation. This procedure of appropriating the information in various urban areas and spots is critical on the grounds that in the event that we get hit by a catastrophe in one spot, we know we have information accessible in somewhere else. Merrill Lynch likewise has inner and outer security parameters that we take after. A portion of the outer security practice and methods incorporate having security protects in each of our saving money destinations and organization's workplaces everywhere throughout the world. Our recuperation arrangement is good to the point that the recuperation time is nothing. The bigger the downtime is, the more cash we lose. Besides, SLAs are additionally imperative. We generally have SLAs accessible available with the goal that we can organize the occurrence in customer based circumstances. Additionally, we have reinforcements and RAID that are put away and kept safe in better places. "Catastrophe recuperation will keep on evolving with the managing an account industry. As banks turn out to be more advanced innovatio n clients, fiasco recuperation arrangements will follow. But banks must arrangement for catastrophe recuperation at all times. The way to effective debacle recuperation is the thing that happens much sooner than a fiasco strikes. With a practical recuperation arrangement, legitimately tried and focused on by senior administration, banks can viably keep up operations while accommodating the wellbeing of individuals and resources." ("How to Optimize the Urban Recovery After Earthquake Disaster Preparedness for Recovery from the Next Tokyo Earthquake ", 2012). References Ball, K. Margulis, S. (2011). Electronic monitoring and surveillance in call centres: a framework for investigation. Chakravarty, A., Grewal, R., Sarker, S., Sambamurthy, V. (2014). Choice of Geographical Location as Governance Strategy in Outsourcing Contracts: Localized Outsourcing, Global Outsourcing, and Onshore Outsourcing. Customer Needs And Solutions, 1(1), 11-22. Chandra, A. Acosta, J. (2010). Disaster Recovery Also Involves Human Recovery. JAMA, 304(14), 1608. Herat, S. (2009). Electronic waste: an emerging issue in solid waste management in Australia. How to Optimize the Urban Recovery After Earthquake Disaster Preparedness for Recovery from the Next Tokyo Earthquake . Ibrahim, Y. (2012). Temporality, space and technology: time-space discourses of call centres. New Technology, Work And Employment, 27(1), 23-35. Osibanjo, O. Nnorom, I. (2007). The challenge of electronic waste (e-waste) management in developing countries.

Strategic And Business Policy Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic And Business Policy Management? Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to efficient management of organizations resources in order to fulfill the strategic objectives of the business. Strategic management involves setting objectives, allocating resources to these objectives, devising an action plan and ensuring that the management rolls out strategies across the organization (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Strategic management differs from traditional approaches to management owing to its tactical nature. Decision makers of leading organizations consider external as well as internal environment while strategizing the plan for the firm. The essential purpose of strategic management is to ensure that companies are competitive and stand out in the industry of operation (Rothaermel, 2015). This also involves internal and external communications of the business so as to ensure transparent flow of information. The advent of strategic management is seen in various aspects of different businesses. With the increasing globalization, digitization and changing scenarios, it is important the organizations also adapt themselves to the environment. Therefore the change in the strategic decisions of the firm was imperative and largely recommended. This discipline was originated in 1950s and among various contributors to the same, Peter Drucker, Alfred Chandler and Igor Ansoff have played important roles (Grant, 2016). Over a period of time, strategic management has grown and developed into a separate field of study. Managers today are conducting various processes and adopting various strategies in order to enhance their performance and market power. Businesses conduct SWOT analysis to analyze their internal and external environment, PESTLE analysis is conducted to gain a deeper insight about the operating industry of the business and similarly Michel Porters five force model enables companies to gauge the competitiveness of the market. All these tools which are widely used today are all gifts of strategic management. This has changed the face of organizational management and has led to various organizations growing leaps and bounds and making a significant mark on the industry of operation. This report throws light on the importance of strategic management as well as three approaches of the same. The approaches covered in this report are stakeholder approach, industry organization approach as well as dynamic capabilities approach to strategic management. The benefits, limitations, viability as well as implementation issues for all of them are discussed for deeper understanding. Examples have been provided as and when required. Approaches to Strategic Management There are various approaches to strategic management and different companies adopt different approaches. This is due to the different nature of businesses in different industries. No single approach can be used for all the organizations due to the difference of resources, leadership and culture of the business. The three important approaches to strategic management are as below: Stakeholder approach Freeman (1984) has been largely credited behind this theory and its inception. Stakeholder management approach was also given by Ian Mitroff in his book Stakeholders of the organizational mind published in 1983. As the name denotes, this particular approach to strategic management keeps all the stakeholders of the business in the center. Stakeholders of any business includes all the people who are directly or indirectly related to the business. These include customers, employees, investors, media personnel, government bodies as well as unions. This approach ensures that the strategy development as well as performance assessment of any business revolve around its stakeholder expectations (Tantalo Priem, 2016). There are various businesses who follow this approach and they believe that the success of any organization depends on their stakeholders. If all the stakeholders of the business are truly satisfied and their needs are appropriately fulfilled, then the growth and development of the business is inevitable. The first step in this approach is to identify the exact needs of all the stakeholders, followed by analyzing and strategizing how the business can work towards fulfilling those expectations (Johnson, 2017). Viability of the approach: The approach is currently adopted by various businesses and has proved to be successful. However, it is difficult for the approach to be viable for every business especially those with clashing stakeholder interests. Suggested benefits: This approach has proved to be largely beneficial and effective for various leading organizations today. Such an approach by any business enhances the goodwill and the brand positioning of the firm. When the organization values its stakeholders then it builds a relationship of mutual respect and the stakeholders in turn work for the benefit of the organization. Secondly, in the process of identifying the needs of the stakeholders and defining objectives of the firm, communication among stakeholders improves and leads to transparency, effective flow of information as well as trust (Weiss, 2014). Lastly, a stakeholder approach to strategic management keeps the firm well aware in a 360 degree perspective and hence prevents the possibility of an unwanted or unforeseen risk to the firm. Implementation issues: Implementing any strategic management approach is largely difficult. Stakeholder approach may be faced with the following issues: Stakeholders may have conflicting interests. Then it will be difficult for the firm to formulate objectives and strategies which align all stakeholder expectations appropriately (Minoja, 2012). Difficulty in communication is a major issue associated with stakeholder theory as it is not always easy to be able to communicate with all the stakeholders and gauge their exact expectations from the firm. Limitations: The limitations associated with stakeholder theory are as below: First of all it is difficult to legitimately identify and list down all the stakeholders of the company. According to analysts, competitors are also stakeholders of the firm. Yet, practically it is difficult to focus on competitor expectations while formulating strategies of the business. No matter which strategies are applied, some stakeholders will always be benefitted more than other stakeholders. This may often lead to conflicts (Verbeke Tung, 2013). It is difficult for the firm to prioritize stakeholders in case of a conflict. Industrial organizational approach The industrial organizational approach of strategic management is based on economic theory. This theory asserts that the external environment and factors affecting the firm are more important than internal ones (Waldmen Jensen, 2016). This is specifically true with the objective of gaining competitive advantage in the industry. This approach asserts that the organizational performance largely depends on the industry variables and those should be kept in mind while devising organizational strategies. This approach helps firms in gaining a 360 degree status of their external environment and strategies their future actions by keeping that in mind. Such an approach is expected to help organizations maximize their revenues by gaining a deeper insight on the industrial environment (Gupta, 2013). This approach is largely adopted by pharmaceutical companies. For example, Glaxo Welcome produces a drug Zantac which is used for treating ulcers and heartburn. The drug is sold at a significantly higher price as compared to its manufacturing cost. This has been possible because Glaxo owns a large number of patents that exhibits other pharmaceutical companies from manufacturing a similar drug. This approach adopted by the company by taking advantage of the available information of its external environment has helped the business increase generated revenues as well as earn a market leadership. Viability of the approach: This approach however is not entirely viable in the longer run. In the above example also, it must be noted that Novopharma has won the permission from the US federal court to manufacture a generic version of the drug. Therefore, it is important that organizations weigh the benefits of the approach as well as its long term viability while industrially approaching strategic decision making. Suggested benefits: There are various benefits that are associated with the adoption of this approach to strategic management. Increased awareness of external environment helps the firm analyze its strengths and weaknesses and hence leads to improved growth (Shabanova Ismagilova, 2015). Industrial environment approach allows the company to remain prepared for unforeseen risks arising due to external environment. This approach assists firms in gaining a competitive advantage in the industry which eventually leads to improved performance and enhanced brand value (Campbell, Coff Kryscynski, 2012). Such an approach assists businesses in enhancing their market power. Implementation issues: In the process of adopting industrial organization approach to strategic management, there are various issues that may be faced by the company. Firstly, it will be difficult for the company to gather all the required information in order to be so deeply aware of the industry and secondly it may not always be possible for businesses to possess all the necessary resources to gain the competitive advantage after having all the information. Limitations: This approach as well has a few limitations as given below: Lack of importance given to the internal stakeholders of the business may affect performance of the firm. Increasingly available industry information and the quest to become market leaders may lure businesses into unethical practices. Dynamic Capabilities approach Dynamic capabilities approach of any business is based on the idea that the firm is capable to build, integrate and reconfigure its external as well as internal competencies in order to address its changing environment (Teece, 2012). This approach underlines that a firm must be adaptive to the ever changing business, economic, social or political environment that the business operates in. The strategies adopted by the firm change with the change in the environment and hence the organization becomes better prepared for unforeseen circumstances. In the vividly changing scenario of the world, it is important that businesses can also become flexible with their approaches. Hence such a strategy will enable the company to be prepared at all times. No doubt, in order to accomplish the same, the business needs additional resources and improved competencies. However, such an approach is largely adopted and recommended by leading businesses. The two big examples of companies demonstrating dynamic capabilities are Apple and IBM. They are both technological innovators and have consistently worked upon improving their offering to suit the changing consumer needs. Viability of the approach: The dynamic capability approach is largely viable and highly effective in the changing business scenarios that exist today. The approach in fact is sure to lead the organization to success in the future. Suggested benefits: Given the speed with which the business environment changes, it is largely beneficial to adopt and implement an approach which provides the firm with the needed flexibility to suit the changing environment (Beske, 2012). The benefits of this approach are as below: Such an approach provides the business a competitive advantage and hence leads to improved performance. Dynamic capabilities approach leads to continuous innovation and hence improved offerings (Peteraf, Stefano Verona, 2013). Dynamic capabilities approach enhances firms goodwill and brand positioning. Implementation issues: The biggest issue faced by the organization while implementing this approach is the lack of resources. It is not always possible for the firm to obtain, sustain or possess enough financial, technological or human resources so as to be able to consistently adapt to the changing environment. The second issue faced is the inability or the inefficiency of the firm to predict all the changes in the environment that is expected to impact the firm. Limitations: the limitations associated with dynamic capabilities approach of strategic management are as below: Inability of all the stakeholders of the organization to adapt to the changing strategies of the business. Lack of availability of resources technological, human, financial or knowledge. Conclusion Strategic management is the most empowering as well as disrupting change brought about in the business world. It refers to the idea of tactically defining the company strategies in order to accomplish well thought of objectives. Leading businesses today are adopting strategic management approaches to improve performance, maximize revenues, enhance brand value and ensure effective stakeholder returns (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Strategies are being adopted in different functional segments of the business. These include human resource management, operations management, financial management, risk management and stakeholder management. The strategic nature of the policies and objectives adopted by the company are giving them an advantage in the face of increasing competition in all leading industries. Every company adopts a different strategy as it may deem useful. This report has explained the three leading approaches to strategic management, their benefits, limitations as well as implementation issues. References Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. Campbell, B.A., Coff, R. and Kryscynski, D., 2012. Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital.Academy of Management Review,37(3), pp.376-395. Freeman, R.E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, Boston Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Gupta, A., 2013. Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), pp.13-17. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Johnson, G., 2017.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson. Minoja, M., 2012. Stakeholder management theory, firm strategy, and ambidexterity.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.67-82. Peteraf, M., Di Stefano, G. and Verona, G., 2013. The elephant in the room of dynamic capabilities: Bringing two diverging conversations together.Strategic management journal,34(12), pp.1389-1410. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. India. McGraw-Hill Education. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), p.705. Tantalo, C. and Priem, R.L., 2016. Value creation through stakeholder synergy.Strategic Management Journal,37(2), pp.314-329. Teece, D.J., 2012. Dynamic capabilities: Routines versus entrepreneurial action.Journal of Management Studies,49(8), pp.1395-1401. Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,112(3), pp.529-543... Waldman, D. and Jensen, E., 2016.Industrial organization: theory and practice. Routledge. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. London. Pears

How To Say By the Way in Spanish

How To Say By the Way in Spanish Spanish has two common ways of introducing an afterthought, unrelated comment or offhand remark, ways that are typically translated as by the way or incidentally in English. The expressions used are a propà ³sito and por cierto, with the former being somewhat more formal. Here are some examples of their usage: Por cierto,  ¿no ests descargando mà ºsica ilegalmente? (By the way, are you downloading music illegally?) Por cierto, la valla fronteriza fue construida por Estados Unidos. (By the way, the border fence was built by the United States.) Por cierto, vamos a preparar algo para septiembre. (By the way, well be getting something ready for September.) Por cierto, la lente del telà ©fono est compuesta por cinco elementos. (Incidentally, the lens in the phone is made up of five elements.) A propà ³sito, quiero hacer una fiesta este fin de semana. By the way, I want to put together a party this weekend. A propà ³sito, la ciudad est a menos de 40 kilà ³metros de la frontera. (By the way, the city is less than 40 kilometers from the border.) A propà ³sito, tenemos ms de 40.000 alumnos. (Incidentally, we have more than 40,000 students.) Note that por cierto does not mean certainly, as you might expect. As a noun in other usages, cierto often expresses certainty. In some contexts, a propà ³sito can also mean on purpose or deliberately. (As a noun, propà ³sito typically means intention or purpose.) When used in that way, a propà ³sito typically comes after the verb instead of at the beginning of a sentence. Example: Determinaron que no fue a propà ³sito. (They determined it was not done deliberately.) A propà ³sito de also can be a way of saying with respect to, concerning or something similar. Example: Recordà © una historia que Mam me contaba a propà ³sito de mi padre. (I remembered a story Mom would tell me about my father.) Downgrading Closely related to the introduction of afterthoughts is that of minimizing or downplaying the importance of what follows. In English, this might be done using anyway, such as in Anyway, we found a restaurant that wasnt closed. Such minimizations are more common in speech than they are in writing. In Spanish, common phrases of downplaying include de todas formas, de todas maneras and de todos modos. They can be translated in a variety of ways, as these examples show: De todas formas, no me molesta que tienes muchos amigos. (In any case, it doesnt bother me that you have a lot of friends.) De todas maneras los escdalos financieros generan un impacto reputacional. Anyway, the financial scandals are having an impact on reputation. De todos modos, le gustarà ­a volver a tener su propia casa. (In any event, she would like to return to her own home.) All three of these Spanish phrases can be used interchangeably with no significant changes of meaning, much like the English phrases used above. Especially in speech, it is also common to use words such as nada and/or bueno something like  filler words for a similar effect: Bueno nada, queria compartir con ustedes mi tatuaje. (Anyway, I want to share my tattoo with you.) Bueno, quizs podamos  hacer una excepcià ³n. (OK then, maybe we can make an exception.)

Practice in Using Capital Letters - An Editing Exercise

Practice in Using Capital Letters - An Editing Exercise After reviewing our Guidelines for Using Capital Letters, test your editing skills with this exercise. Instructions In the following sentences, some words need to be capitalized, and some words that are capitalized should be in lower case. Correct the capitalization errors, and then compare your answers with those below. During first-year orientation, my Brother registered for classes in Psychology, Spanish, Biology, and English.The Avengers, long awaited by fans of the Comic Book, assembled several superheroes in one movie: iron man, captain america, the hulk, thor, hawkeye, and black widow.In the Spring of 2012, I graduated from Hollywood high school in Los Angeles, California.One of the Worlds richest people is mayor Michael Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P.The man in the hawaiian shirt drove a Chevrolet Corvette Sports Car with expired Texas License Plates.The New York times reported that scientists had deciphered a sequence of the dna of Molecular Biologist James Watson.In 1610, German Astronomer Johannes Kepler observed that two Moons orbit the planet mars.Following the setting Sun, we drove West on interstate 80.On memorial day, I visited Arlington national cemetery with my Father.One of the most memorable instances of Product Placement in sports occurred at the 1999 fifa Womens World Cup w hen Brandi Chastain removed her shirt to reveal a nike sports bra. Quiz Responses Here (in bold) are the answers to the exercise above. During first-year orientation, my  brother  registered for classes in  psychology, Spanish,  biology, and English.The Avengers, long awaited by fans of the  comic book, assembled several superheroes in one movie:  Iron Man, Captain America, the  Hulk, Thor, Hawkeye, and  Black Widow.In the  spring  of 2012, I graduated from Hollywood  High School  in Los Angeles, California.One of the  worlds  richest people is  Mayor  Michael Bloomberg,  founder  of Bloomberg L.P.The man in the  Hawaiian  shirt drove a Chevrolet Corvette  sports car  with expired Texas  license plates.The New York  Times  reported that scientists had deciphered a sequence of the  DNA  of  molecular biologist  James Watson.In 1610, German  astronomer  Johannes Kepler observed that two  moons  orbit the planet  Mars.Following the setting  sun, we drove  west  on  Interstate  80.On  Memorial Day, I visited Arlington  National Cemetery   with my  father.One of the most memorable instances of  product placement  in sports occurred at the 1999  FIFA  Womens World Cup when Brandi Chastain removed her shirt to reveal a  Nike  sports bra.

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Lab Report Example What is a TCP/IP Model? Before discussing the communication in networks from the home computer to the X stream, we have to first discuss the TCP/IP model. As illustrated in the Figure 1.1, we can see the comparison of both OSI model and the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model is associated with Application layer, Transport layer, Internet Layer and Data link Layer. Likewise, application layer of the TCP/IP model is associated with protocols such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) etc. The transport Layer is associated with protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) etc. The Internet layer is associated with Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and lastly, the data link layer that is also called the Network interface layer is associated with Ethernet, token ring etc. for accessing the X stream from a remote location, we will discuss the insights of these five layers of the TCP/IP model. Moreover, Figure 1 also illustrates the resemblance of each layer of TCP/IP to the OSI model. Figure 1 TCP/IP and OSI Model Image retrieved from: (Clarke, n.d) Figure 1.2, demonstrates the functionality of each layer in order to exchange data from the home computer and the X stream server. ... The network access layer than links the transmission to the required segment from the same layer as shown in Figure 1.2 Figure 1.2 Example demonstration via TCP/IP Model Protocol Layering Up till now we have discussed the TCP/IP model, protocols and functions associated with each layer. Protocol layering will demonstrate the functionality of each layer after another along with Protocol Data Units (PDU’s) and packet headers while connecting to the X stream from home computer. Considering the four layers of the TCP/IP model, we will discuss four PDU’s on each layer, as shown in Figure 2, the message initiates from the application layer four of the TCP/IP model. The four PDU’s are 1-PDU, 2-PDU, 3-PDU and 4-PDU. Figure 2 Image retrieved from (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000) The layer 4 that is an application layer and considered as a high layer, constructs a message M that is composed of various parameters that needs to be tailored by the application criteria. Likewise, a typical packet may include parameters such as message type and associated data. The packet from the home computer is transmitted in the form of Message M to the third layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack, as shown in Figure 2. Likewise, layer three of the source (Home Computer) breaks the 4-PDU in to two separate parts as M1 and M2. Accordingly, the layer three of the source (Home Computer) integrates with the two separate parts M1 and M2 called as headers that contributes for constructing 3-PDU into two separate parts. Headers are associated with the information that is a requirement for the source and destination on the third layer for enabling services on layer four (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000). Likewise, the development

Write a management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write a management report - Essay Example The memo therefore proposes that management should consider identifying the cost drivers and monitor its activities to control their costs. In assessing whether to accept special orders, management needs to accurately compute contribution margin by only considering the variable costs. Fixed costs should only help in determining the break-even point for special orders. Performance evaluation should as well focus on factors that are within employees control rather than incorporating non-controllable costs elements to evaluate the employees working in the SMU2 sector. The major concern of the SMU2 department is the use of inappropriate cost allocation model for the MP product where material costs, labour costs and variable costs are allocated to the product based on estimates. The allocation of material and labour costs to the MP product is acceptable since these are direct costs incurred in the product manufacturing. Allocation of factor overheads especially remaining factory costs should however be reviewed. These overheads should not be allocated to MP on a fixed percentage basis since MP special order sales only accounts for 2% of the revenue. Allocating the overheads on a fixed proportion therefore inflates the costs and reduces the contribution margin. In addition, allocation of media and promotion costs for SMU1 and SMU2 further fails to consider the cost drivers of the activities. Marketing costs should not be allocated depending on the weight of the products but the revenue derived from the effectiveness of such advertisement. This was, management will have to identify the increase in sales resulting from the incremental costs on advertisement. Allocation of management costs to the various products and departments has also failed to take into account the volume allocation and the level of activities performed by such shared staff on the various products. Activity based costing should be used to monitor the activities of the management to the

Social Media And Its Impact On Branding

Social Media And Its Impact On Branding ABSTRACT: Social Media is a new age concept which has taken world by storm; companies are trying to promote products actively on social media and interact with customers. This research paper includes the findings of the research based on the hypothesis that Social media marketing has a positive impact on sales and brand image. This research paper highlights the increasing trends of social media marketing, how brands are being affected and what impact theses tactics have on the sales of the respected companies. A sample of 50 respondents was taken into consideration as primary research. It consisted of a good mix of people across gender, age groups and income demographics. The study aimed to analyze the awareness and acceptability of social media marketing by measuring the different factors that are associated with branding and PR; and conclude whether social marketing enhances sales or not. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to understand and identify the various methods of e-marketing with respect to social media. It is essential to identify the changing trends in branding with the advent of blogging sites, Twitter, Facebook and other networking options. With more advancement in technology; everyone uses this facility for multiple purposes, moreover the concept of the online community and interconnectivity has changed the way people share views. Therefore the prime purpose of my research analysis is to facilitate the study of various social media trends that affect branding and online marketing. It has been analyzed whether social media is a mere feedback facility or an actual revenue enhancing tool. PROBLEM STATEMENT Social media is a promotional tool and connectivity medium for companies; there is a need to determine whether it is effective in enhancing sales or not. HYPOTHESIS H0: Social media marketing has a positive impact on sales and brand image. H1: Social media marketing does not affect sales, it enhances brand image. SAMPLE SIZE The sample size of the research consists of a total of 50 individuals whose ages range between 15-25, 26-35 and 36 above. All respondents belonged to SEC A+,A, A-, B+ and B; with an educational level to understand the study. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES Primary Research: Questionnaire interviews. Secondary Research: Literature Review Literature Review Social marketing is the new age concept in the world of branding and business. With advent of Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin etc the way we communicate has changed. It has surely evolved from being a teenagers space to a global phenomenon for social interaction. Mark Zukerberg has been named person of the year by Times for instilling unlimited possibilities in the world of communication. A national survey of reporters and editors revealed that 89% use blogs for story research, 65% turn to social media sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn, and 52% utilize microblogging services such as Twitter (George-2010). While the use of social media sources by journalists is growing rapidly, the reliability of such information remains an issue, as the survey also made it clear that reporters and editors are acutely aware of the need to verify information they get from social media Nearly half of all Americans are now members of at least one social network, double the proportion of just two years ago. While social network use is highest among the young, its not limited to this age bracket: two-thirds of 25- to 34-year-olds and half of those aged 35 to 44 also now have personal profile pages. Among the worlds 100 largest companies, two-thirds are using Twitter, 54% have a Facebook page, 50% manage at least one corporate YouTube channel and 33% have created company blogs. Overall, 79% of Fortune 100 companies are using at least one social media channel. (Pick-2010) Social media has enabled business leaders to create marketing opportunities which were untapped before. PepsiCo uses social networks to reach millions of entrepreneurs at the Superbowl. Whereas Leaders like IBMs Sam Palmisano, PepsiCos Indra Nooyi, Apples Steve Jobs, Microsofts Steve Ballmer, Carlsons Marilyn Nelson, and Harvard Business School Dean Nitin Nohria (George-2010) are all active social network users. This transformation in business is possible today because these social networks are a unique way of broadly communicating real-time messages to the audiences they want to reach. They can write a message anywhere, anytime, and share it with interested parties without any public relations meddling, speech writers, airplane travel, canned videos, or voicemail messages people. The business area it has affected the most is marketing, a new promotional weapon adding new dimensions to consumer awareness. Social media is an interactive forum to reach the consumer at a personal level. Consumer marketing companies are lining up to use these networks to reach their tailored demographics with highly personalized messages, social channels give a chance to the consumers to share feedback readily about products and services. It is not just brand awareness but a chance to build a strong relationship with the customer. A major contribution are the blogging sites, astonishingly the fate of leading brands may be reliant on comments of regular bloggers. This may be seen as a positive by a lot of branding experts since it can lead to endless business growth. Social media is user-controlled, which means that sociologic components play a large role in any companys social media business strategy. The limits of social media are only set by the limits of the technology of social media tools (Hobsbawm-2009). At one time, companies had a monologue with its customers. Companies put out television commerci als or print ads about its products and waited to see whether the sales rolled in to determine success rates. Now, social media allows companies to have a dialogue with its customers and gain valuable feedback and input as it creates the message. Information and messaging for a company was once controlled by its marketing and sales departments. Now, with the democratization of information, no one owns the message about a product or company. Every company must become part of the conversation or risk letting users become the voice of the company. Customers are using social channels to instantly share positive and negative feedback about products and services, influencing countless other people. Word-of-mouth marketing has existed since the dawn of man, but today, it uses a massive megaphone to extend farther than ever. People exchanging feedback, ideas, recommendations and more are changing the way customers shop and the way businesses produce. The study, carried out by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by SAS, the software vendor, suggests that social media is making the relationship between companies and their customers much more transparent. In particular, customers are more likely to try to deal with C-level executives through social media than through other channels. Businesses should respond, the report suggests, by integrating the multichannel feedback from blogs, community sites and social networks with their conventional marketing and market research data. Social media presence is a fundamental today, ranging from business to fortune 500 corporations. However social media marketing is a savior for small businesses. Its cost effective and they can easily Tweet new offers or update Facebook fanpage for latest offers. Moreover companies like Dell have used twitter to increase sales by $1 million in the past one year (Henry-2010). This whole social community allows your companys name and brand to be viewed by a significant amount of people. Continuous use of social media over time creates brand awareness and thus helps to increase sales. Competitions on social networks and interactive sessions are a new promotional tool being used, for example Top bartender page on Facebook by Absolut Vodka or Apples blogging on ipods dirty little secrets. What companies need is a financial justification, ROI on social media marketing has consistently been high, with Addidas having upto 70% returns. There are a total of 13 million internet users in Pakistan including Broadband, dial up, and mobile. Figures given by the PTA regarding internet users is that of 19 million from which face book consists of 2.2 million, (Pick- 2010) Yahoo around 4 million, MSN around 4 to 5 million and You Tube around 4.5 million. Based on these figures internet marketing is highly lucrative. Businesses in Pakistan have been marketing their products, brands and businesses using social media but still the industry has to come out. There are number of brands that have used such websites to promote their brands but still the results of such marketing tool in Pakistan are yet to achieve. Though, our neighboring country India has been using these websites as a marketing medium and they have been able to get positive results from using promotional campaigns. There are at least 500 companies with a Facebook presence. Brands like Ego, HSY, Gunsmoke etc rely on Facebook advertising. An average ad costing Rs. 10000 to Rs. 35000 on other mediums can only cost 3 to 10 cents on this site. (Syed-2010) Julie Roehm parses out the numbers from the Pew Internet and American Life study that were mentioned in the New York Times article, finding that theres a great disparity in how different generations consume content and that the older we get, the more likely we are to spend time on longer form content. Where will this lead us? Are we doomed to sound bites, tweets and trite self-absorbed updates for the foreseeable future? The viral effect that social media has in marketing is shaping a new face of branding. Moreover social media is the place people trust for seeking information. Be it feedback, product information search or tackling PR disasters, social media has it all. Social media would evolve into a decision making tool in future when mashed with other online options; making brand equity highly vulnerable to social verdicts. What lies ahead is a fierce branding battle which can be won with innovative social marketing solutions. The addictiveness can be cashed by generating a mix of the virtual society and physical customer support banded together. Many of the people involved in this study believed that information they have seen on social networks didnt influence their purchasing decision. On the surface, we would agree with them because most information you see on social networks isnt shown to you when you are in the process of making a buying decision. The real power of Social Media Marketing is the brand building and the longevity of the content a company adds to a social community (Baekdal-2009). A statement made by a company and picked up by someone you Follow on Twitter can impact a purchase you make at a later point but you wouldnt necessarily correlate that with your buying decision. There may also be content that was created on a social network that gets displayed in the results of your Google search that may influence your decision to purchase a product but you also may not realize that the information is even coming from Social Media Marketing. The lesson to be learned here is that marketing doesnt always correlate easily to direct sales. We have become too dependent on measuring your ROI from Internet Marketing. Marketers need to understand and respect the long term value of building a brand through the web and just because you dont see instant revenue from a marketing campaign doesnt necessarily mean it wont be effective. (Pick-2010) Large companies and small businesses who have used social media to promote their products and services could attest that they have experienced remarkable increase in sales. Exposing your brand in social media can be an excellent way to make the existence of your business known to the public. It is a fact that members of social media are pouring in and is still constantly increasing. So, you can just imagine the number of potential views your business can get simply by being a part of these social networking sites (Gunelius-2009). Whether you are just starting out or your business is already a multinational corporation, there are many social marketing tools available to provide the needed marketing exposure of your business. And another good thing is that most of these tools are for free therefore giving you an edge especially if your marketing budget is limited. If one is wondering how sales can be increased with social media, the answer is simple: Social media can reach millions of people worldwide. Anyone with an internet access can view your advertisements online. With TV commercials, only those people watching at the time can see broadcasted advertisement and interaction is not possible. Social sites, on the other hand, allow you to post blogs or tweets about your product and surely your company will get noticed resulting to increased sales. At the same time, you can interact with customers and gather insights on what they expect from you and how you can improve your products and services to meet the demands of your market. As observed by most companies that use social media for marketing purposes, the effect is truly viral. The case is especially true for Facebook and Twitter where friends tell each other about the products offered by small companies by word of mouth. With the tweets, recommendations and positive reviews, your company a nd your brand will be made known to a significant number of interested people. (Henry_2010) PRIMARY RESEARCH ANALYSIS PROCEDURE GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS EXPECTED RESULTS Before conducting the research, I expect that my Null hypothesis that is Social media marketing has a positive impact on sales and brand image will prove to be true. RESULTS OBTAINED/DERIVED SAMPLE: The above table shows the demographics of the survey that around 44% were male candidates and 56% of them were female. This also shows that the sample size was ideal as the percentages of both male and female are taken in consideration for survey The above graph shows the Age demographics that from each age bracket what percentage of people were taken in consideration. 68% were young adults forming the largest usage segment, followed by 22% of users between age of 26-35 years of age. The survey also included 10% of middle aged users. The above chart shows daily online presence of respondents, whether they are active users or passive users. Reason for this question was to get the insight of the consumer that how much is the highest usage of internet and to what extent internet usage effects their life. The result was 44 % of the sample use less than 1 hour a day, 36% use between 2 to 3 hours a day, 8% use between 3 to 4 hours a day and 12% use more than 4 hours a day. The results depict that most of the users use internet up to 3 hours a day. RESEARCH FINDINGS: The above pie chart shows the number of people effected by product branding while making a buying decision. The results help to determine whether it is important for marketers to enhance brand image to effect sales or not. 54% of the respondents believe their buying decision is dependent on branding while 26% believe it is not. Whereas 20% are not sure if branding can impact purchase decision. The chart above shows the usage of social media sites by respondents. Out of the 50 most of the respondents are present on more than 1 site. Most of them are on Facebook followed by a heavy use of Youtube. Whereas; presence on Twitter and blogging sites is almost equal. This shows socializing and content viewing both are important aspects of social media experience. The above chart shows consumer insight on information search, which medium is most used for product information search. 56% relied on word-of-mouth which in turn highlights social media importance. Moreover 15% relied on TV, 11% on newspaper and magazines and 18% on internet. The above pie chart shows results on buying decision of a friends Facebook status update and Tweet. Whether, people consider this feedback or not. 42% said yes they did 36% said no however 22% were somewhat influenced. The above chart shows if people would purchase a product because of positive social media response. 43% said agree, that they would purchase a product. 28% disagree, they would not buy a product because of social media influence whereas 26% were neutral. The above pie chart shows if negative feedback through social media would affect respondents Brand loyalty. 58% said yes, 32% said no and 10% being affected to a limited extent. The results depict the dependence of brand loyalty on feedback. The above chart shows if people consider social media to be best source of promotion. 36% disagreed, 32% were neutral whereas 22% agreed. The results identify the importance of social media as promotion tool, which according to the results is not very strong. The above pie chart shows which factor most influences sales, 32% said product features and 29% said price whereas only 6% said feedback. This shows that social media feedback may not directly influence sales of a product. The above analysis show the different factors influencing sales, brand image and consumer loyalty. Is can be depicted that sales is most affected by price and features and brand image is affected mostly by company PR and promotion. Moreover consumer loyalty is also dependent mostly on PR and product features. CONCLUSION The conclusion derived from my research report is that my null hypothesis being: Social media marketing has a positive impact on sales and brand image did not prove to be true. People prefer word-of-mouth (56% respondents) as the best source of information search; moreover feedback on social media may affect their purchase decision. But at the same time feedback was not rated as the most important factor in purchase decision, it is believed that sales are affected by product price and features (32% respondents). My research also depicted a key consumer insight which identifies brand presence on social media for image building and consumer loyalty is important. Consumers may not purchase anything because it is praised on social media but also be disoriented if a lot of negative feedback is received. Social media is also crucial for interacting with consumers, hence aiding the process of customer care. The research also analyzed that brands today need social media for promoting and rem inding consumers about the product, but it is true that consumers do not rate social media as a major influence of purchase decision. Therefore, the inductive hypothesis of social media only affecting brand image and not sales stands to be true. Social media in todays internet age is online presence of a brand, just like any person. Brands need to intervene in feedback, captivate consumer preference and enhance brand image. However relying on social media for increasing sales is not viable. SUGGESTION/RECOMMENDATIONS E-marketing is a really effective mode of communication and advertisement which is overwhelming the traditional means of promotion and PR. E-marketing is a very convenient way of promotion and conveying the message to the public. The rate of internet penetration has increased by more than 100% since the past few years resulting in more access to web by the new generation. The recommendations brought forth by my research findings include that presence on social media is a must. Social media content may include pages on Facebook, regular tweets on Twitter by employees and content available on Youtube. Now a days companys readily upload latest advertisements on Youtube and at times their corporate documentaries. Blogging is also a very important mode for interactions, consumers turn to these sites for answers, regular blogging may enable marketers to attain consumer insight and simultaneously discuss product related issues. It is recommended that social media marketing should be used as a secondary medium of promotion following the conventional promotion mediums as primary. Sales may not be directly affected by social media presence however companies may cash on brand equity in the long term. Social marketing may prove to be ideal for small and medium sized businesses. Where spending a lot on promotion may not be feasible, social media may prove to be a blessing. Today more than 500 businesses have a mere Facebook presence in Pakistan, it is also the cheapest and most interactive forum for such companies. FUTURE WORK: Social media is considered the next big idea by some marketers whereas others consider it to be a mere fad. Now organizations need to analyze the fact that today social media marketing may prove to be beneficial for brand image but return on investment is a crucial factor to be considered. Investment in social media marketing has to be regulated according to future needs of the company and product itself. Internet usage is part of life but modes of interaction have dynamically changed, hence to conclude ideal scenario is to build a strong brand support through social media to have a long lasting impact on the future.