Nonverbal Forms of Communication that Can Be Used in...

Introduction It can be easy to take words for granted. The simple act of communicating needs and desires to other human-beings is an almost automatic action. While communication may seem simple, there are instances where the most common methods of communication are not enough. Children who have been abused often lack the verbal language skills needed to convey the horror of what has happened to them (Scheeringa, Weems, Cohen, Amaya-Jackson, Guthrie, 2011). In 2011 alone, over 61,000 cases of child sexual abuse were reported in the United States of America (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2011). The number that was reported is staggering enough without factoring in how many were NOT reported. Child sexual abuse is such an epidemic that the Center for Disease Control has done research and studies on child sexual abuse and created manuals about how to prevent it (Centers for Disease Control, 2007). This is an issue that we all need to address, as well as the fact that Traum a-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), the most widely used treatment method for children who have been sexually abused, is not sufficient by itself. This essay will discuss some nonverbal forms of communication that can be used in building a therapeutic relationship, as well as a safe environment for young children who have been sexually abused, and the need for the inclusion of Art Therapy and Play Therapy in TF-CBT as a way for children to communicate their Trauma Narrative

The Problem Of Social Class - 1189 Words

Running Head: Misfortune of the Unfortunate Hurricane Katrina and the Misfortune of the Unfortunate Ibrahim Farag University of Louisville Inequality has been a topic of discussion in the United States—as well as the vast majority of the world—for a significant period of time now. While there is no denying that inequality exists, I believe that it has become assumed to be the underlying problem in a lot of cases where it doesn’t necessarily apply. There are a number of problems in society that can’t be fixed because the solution is designed around the idea that inequality is the issue, and if people were to identify the true underlying problem in a lot of cases: social class, then we can concoct a solution to address the†¦show more content†¦Reed doesn’t completely dismiss the significant role that race plays in shaping the economic and social hierarchy in New Orleans; ultimately class is the more effective characteristic however, in predicating who was capable of evacuating the city prior to the hurricanes arrival, who was capable of surviving the hurricane itself/remained in shelters elsewhere, whose interests will be taken into account regarding the cities reconstruction, and who will be capable of returning to New Orleans. (Reed 2006) Essentially the real reason people stayed in New Orleans as opposed to evacuating, wasn’t because they chose to do so, but because they didn’t have the means to. Reed clearly emphasizes that in New Orleans, there is clearly â€Å"no lack of racial inequality, or frankly racist ideology† (Reed 2006). However, the reason racism was so dramatically deemed the factor responsible for the inequality and injustice, is because â€Å"in the contemporary United States race is the most familiar language of inequality and injustice† (Reed 2006). Meaning race was the easy choice to explain what happened is because in modern U.S. we are used to race being the predominant source of inequality and injustice. Reed believes that the race critique doesn’t explain the deep

A Comparison of Moral Conflict in Antigone and A Dolls...

Conflict Between Individual Morals and State Laws in Antigone and A Dolls House Mother, should I trust the government? Or should I trust myself? This dilemma is a common one in a great deal of literature. In Antigone and A Doll’s House, the main theme is the question of whether one should be true to oneself or true to one’s state or society. Should Nora (in A Doll’s House) and Antigone (in Antigone) â€Å"follow the rules† and do what the state and society want them to do or should they follow their own consciences? Both plays address the conflict between individual morals and state laws, obedience and disobedience, and understanding oneself. Antigone shows the contrast between state law and†¦show more content†¦For the state and state laws to exist there have to be the people too. The state depends on the people and not just the ruler. Haemon: A one-man state? What sort of a state is that? Creon: Why, does not every state belong to its ruler? Haemon: Youd be an excellent king - on a desert island (Sophocles page #). Haemon questions whether Creons judgements are correct or not (above). For Antigone the divine law is what should be used instead of the state law, which is defined only by what the king wants. Therefore should Haemon and Antigone oppose the state law? The king makes up the main part of the state, and decides whether the laws he makes are fair, and do not object to these laws otherwise he wouldnt be king. Some may think that it is wrong that people should oppose the states laws, and should just follow them, but then they will never get to have their own beliefs and never have a better understanding of themselves in the end. In Antigone there is the state and its laws, but in A Dolls House we see more of the society, and the laws it enforces on the individual. The societys rules prevent the characters from seeing and expressing their true nature. When Krogstad tells Nora that the law takes no account of good motives, she cries, Then they must be very bad laws (Ibsen page #). This causes a problem for the main female characters, in deciding ifShow MoreRelatedA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The SubjectionRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pageson the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of Mirth Their Eyes Were Watching God Jude the Obscure 2003 (Form A): According

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning....

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning. A sonnet is a poem, which traditionally contains the subject of love. The creator of the sonnet was a man named Francesco Petrarca who was usually referred to as Petrarch. Petrarch wrote many of his sonnets based upon himself, and his lover, Laura. The conventional format of a sonnet contains fourteen lines, and is segregated to illustrate two arguments. Every sonnet takes the conventional format of fourteen lines, although the way the arguments are split up, may be different. For example, Petrarch and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings sonnet both take the format of an octave and a sestet, whereas Shakespeares sonnet takes the format of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet.†¦show more content†¦The Petrarchan sonnet is in the form of an octave and a sestet, which explores the personas experience of unrequited love. In the octave, Petrarch is searching for his lost lover, Laura. This can be proven in the first line of the sonnet, A thousand times to make my peace I sought. The persona describes his deep love for Laura by using descriptive and metaphorical language. He elevates Laura to a high point by using religious imagery, while he is still below her. And offer you my heart; but little thought had your proud spirit to look down so low. This line also tells us that the persona had offered his love to Laura, but she rejected it; she did not return his affections. From the fourth line and onwards, love is described as being imprisoned. Yet if another would that heart enchain, is an example of this. He believes that Laura is not accepting his love because she has changing dreams and hopes, which are just imaginary. She lives in fickle hopes and dreams untrue. He is also speaking about how any other woman would have hopes and dreams about capturing his heart because it is bound to Laura. In the seventh line of the octave, Petrarch has mentioned about how the persona has things in common with his lover Laura. For example, he hates the things that she hates. Since I despise all the things that you disdain. In the sestet of, Sonnet XXL, the subject changes from the search for love, to the journey of love.Show MoreRelatedIdealised love hope and mortality in The Great Gatsby and Sonnets from the Portuguese5394 Words   |  22 PagesElizabeth Barret-Brownings Sonnets from the Portuguese and F. Scott. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby both reflect, in abstract style and varying contexts and elements, the experience of idealised love, hope and mortality. The elements employed by Barret-Browning and Fitzgerald, differ in their depictions of these themes through various literary devices, two of which are points of view and motifs/symbols. Barret-Brownings sonnet sequence illustrates a complex evolution of emotions as the poet

Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Free Essays

Title: – Competency Based Recruitment and Selection Theme: – Recent advances in commerce and management Introduction: Competency for any job can be defined as a set of human attributes that enables an employee to meet the expectations of his internal and external customers and stake holders. We have generally observed that only hard work, knowledge, sincerity towards work, and intelligence does not alone makes a person star performer in his/her profession. There are many other factors that actually help an individual practically in achieving success in performing job. We will write a custom essay sample on Competency Based Recruitment and Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example we have observed that during our school or college days a star student who scores maximum marks in exam may or may not be a good leader. Similarly to this a good batsman may or may not be a good bowler in the game of cricket. The only reason behind this to be a leader requires different set of competencies and to be a good bowler requires a different set of competencies than for a good batsman. That’s why human qualities and attributes which makes a person suitable for his/her job defines competency for that particular job. A competent manager is always aware about different competencies that a person requires to perform the job effectively and efficiently. And on the basis of their knowledge about this they select and train their subordinates for that job. There are many factors such are Social culture, work environment, nature of business, Organizational structure, responsibilities, nature of process and assigned activities, attitude and motives of management affects competency require for particular job. Competency based recruitment and selection focuses on identifying those candidates that can evidence those behaviourally defined characteristics which underpin desired performance in the role you are seeking. Competency based Human Resource Management: A general objective behind hiring a candidate to perform a particular job is to get that job done effectively and efficiently. In short all organizations strive to achieve excellence in whatever business they are. To achieve this goal it is very essential that the entire jobs are performed efficiently and effectively by all the employees. To achieve excellence in performing any job by an employee it is important that an employee should be competent to perform that job. Competency based Human Resource Management helps any organization in achieving in objective. Competency based human resource management is promising as best approach in developing and preserving competent human resources. Competency based approaches to human resource management have been developed since psychologist David McClelland’s research on competency concept. He is credited with launching the competency movement through the publication of his paper titled â€Å"Testing for competencies rather than intelligence†, in which he suggested that academic aptitude and knowledge content tests alone cannot predict a high level of performance, but personal qualities, motives, experience and behavioural characteristics can distinguish most successful from less successful individuals Meaning of Competencies: The Treasury Board of Canada has defined â€Å"competencies† as the knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours that an employee applies in performing his/her work and that are the key employee-related levers for achieving results that are relevant to the organization/s business strategies. Competency may be defined as: â€Å"The behaviourally defined characteristics which strengthen effective and superior performance†. It’s all about how the person should behave in order to achieve the objectives. According to Schroder competencies are personal effective skills which vary from more basic specialized functional skills to the generic, person based higher level competencies. Competencies allow focus process-â€Å"How things are done? † not simply on outcomes. Classification of competencies: †¢ Core Competencies The Core competencies include those key competencies that all employees in the organization must possess to achieve its mandate and vision. These competencies describe in behavioural terms the key values of the organization and represent those competencies that are core to the organization’s principal mandate. Career Stream Competencies The Career Stream competencies are those behavioural competencies that are common to the all jobs in the stream, and combined with the organization-wide (core) competencies, make up the suite of behavioural competencies necessary for success in the Stream. †¢ Technical / Professional Competencies The technical/profes sional competencies tend to be specific to occupational areas, roles and / or jobs within the Career Stream, and include the specific skills and knowledge (know-how) to perform effectively within the jobs of the Stream (e. . ability to use particular software; knowledge in particular professional areas such as finance, biochemistry; etc. ). These competencies could be generic to the Career Stream as whole, or be specific to roles, levels or jobs within the group. These are the competencies some one must demonstrate to be effective in his job/role, task or duty. Thus these competencies are job or role specific and vary from job to job. A competency model can be used to develop specific job related competencies and come out with a competency dictionary. These competencies are organization specific as roles and responsibilities may vary from organization to organization even though the job title may be the same. Generally HR department of organizations is focused on developing professional competencies and evaluating the same during recruitment and selection process. This classification of different types competencies in not all inclusive it’s an open field of research. In addition to this, competencies can be classified as Personal competencies also. Personal competency includes the various behavioral competencies apart from the knowledge and skill level of an individual. It includes personal attributes like level of motivation, adaptability, developing oneself etc. It also includes interpersonal skills like relationship building, communication ability, openness towards change, cultural awareness etc. In addition to this we can define people management competencies like Leadership, Directing, team building capacity, capacity to work with a team, counseling people, providing motivation, knowledge transformation. A Competency model: A â€Å"competency profile† or â€Å"competency model† is defined as a set of competencies and includes associated behaviours that link directly to the work to be performance, and the levels of proficiency for each behaviour. Competency profiles can cover a group of positions / jobs within an organization. I have developed following process to develop a competency model that can be used for the purpose of delivering competency based recruitment and selection in a desired way. A Competency model is the basic tool or competency based recruitment and selection. A Competency model tries to explain what and all competencies are required to perform different jobs in an organization. A competency model also tries to prioritize the competencies for different jobs. It describes these competencies in the form of indicators, which can be quantified. Each competency can be quantified on a scale on the basis of its relative importance with respect to each job. This serves as a reference for all competency management activities in the organization. Competency model is organization specific as each organization may have its own way of defining and quantifying competencies and competencies may be unique for each organization. Procedure to develop standard competencies: 1. First step is to identify the competencies to perform different jobs. Main source to identify these competencies are job description and job specification. On the basis of that a specific competencies can be identified because these throws light on duties, responsibilities, tasks involved in the job. This will work out as basic list of competencies required within an organization. . Now the next step is to find out critical competencies for all jobs, prioritizing them and to give more significance. These core competencies can be find out through discussion with immediate supervisors for the job position. They are more aware of the different competencies required for performing job efficiently. It also includes brainstorming sessions with managers. 3. After finis hing first two steps, the next is to develop the overall list of kinds of competencies required to perform a job. This includes both primary and secondary set of competencies. This can be further categorized job wise competencies also. With this step now we have a whole dictionary of competencies required. 4. Once the dictionary of competency is ready, now the next step is to prioritize and rate or provide weightage to different competency on the basis of its importance for the particular job. This will help us in quantifying competencies. 5. A model for developing standard competencies is now prepared. This can be used as a tool in competency based recruitment and selection by developing different tests to measure such competencies. Competencies are not static for any job. It is a very dynamic in nature. As the time changes and environment becomes more complicated, competencies required to perform a job also changes. Competency based recruitment and selection: Recruitment can be defined as â€Å"The process of surveying all sources of personnel, inside and outside the organization, to locate and attract the best possible candidates for new or vacated positions†. One of the most important problems in any organization is developing an effective recruitment and selection process which can choose right candidate for a right job. Many organizations have already experienced the cost of selecting a candidate who is not competent for performing job although he is qualified and knowledgeable person. Competency based approach for recruitment and selection calls for more meaningful competency based job descriptions, more appropriate job advertisements, better screening process, Specific competency based written tests like psychometric tests, Specific behaviorally based interviews popularly known as behavioral event interviews, tailored reference checks based on desired competencies of specific role. With the help of competency based recruitment and selection process it is possible to improve efficiency of the job getting done in the right way, which leads to achievement of desired results. Following diagram explains the process of recruitment and selection based on competency. [pic] Identifying Recruitment Strategy Team: Form a workgroup whose primary objective will be to develop a gap-closing recruitment plan for the company. The team should include: †¢ Key Human Resources personnel. †¢ Staff who have knowledge and responsibility for day-to-day operations. Other work units as appropriate given your agency’s size and organizational structure. Bringing together a Recruitment Strategy Team from different parts of the company offers a number of advantages: †¢ Team members may have a variety of networking contacts. †¢ Team members may bring new perspectives that result in creative ideas that surface through brainstorming. †¢ Teams members may become m ore invested in the recruitment process and support/encourage involvement of their respective organizational units. Preparation of competency dictionary: Dictionary for competency can be developed with the help of competency model discussed earlier. Defining competency based job profiles: Jobs can be better described in terms of the competencies needed for performing the various activities demanded by the job. The competency based approach defines jobs in terms competencies and this more flexible as rigid descriptions used in traditional job descriptions resulted in employees performing strictly defined tasks. Recruitment and selection methods will have to be based on competency based job profiles. Role analysis can be a better means of developing competency based job profiles. Role descriptions are more effective in identifying job related competencies and thus developing competency profiles. The competency based qualification standards can be based on whole person competency based approach, and characterized by more assessment options and easy to quantify and hence evaluate. . Recruitment Advertisement: A good advertisement is one which can convey the candidates the exact needs of the organization in terms of the basic job related competencies which are necessary for performing the job competently. The exact competencies for each job are available in the competency dictionary and this can be used for advertising purpose to tell possible candidates what knowledge, skills, and attributes they must possess to be able to apply for the job. Competency Tests: Psychometric tests are psychological tests which can provide useful information about a wide range of competencies of an individual like abilities, aptitudes, values and skills, and can function as a scientific aid in selection. These tests are based on person-job fit concept. Psychometric tests are used for several applications like selection, promotion, transfer, placement, and potential appraisal. Different types of psychometric tests can be used are: Personality tests, Occupational interest, Ability test, Value system test, etc. Competency Interviews: A Competency Based Interview is a structured series of questions aimed at eliciting evidence of a candidate’s behavioural fit against specific job-related competencies. In competency based interviews, behavioral focused interviews are used. In behavioral focused interview, the underlying philosophy is that the past behavior is the best predictor of future performance. These types of interviews are generally characterized by questions that relate to specific behaviours which have been found to be linked to successful/superior performance on the job. Candidates are not asked to describe how they would respond in a particular situation or event – that is, they are not asked for hypothetical thinking and responses. But they are asked to describe what they have done, what behaviours they have used, in a certain situation or event which has occurred in the past. Interviewers halting the candidate’s response to a question once they have heard sufficient evidence of the candidate’s competency. A Competency Based interview process will allow for evidence based information which can then be verified with a candidate’s referees. Competency Reference checks: Competency based reference checks the competencies that a candidate has actually exhibited in the past. The information can be obtained from the previous employers or the educational institutions from where the candidates have passed out. Reference checks can be designed in the form of a questionnaire which can be used to obtain information about the candidate’s previous performance levels or capacity to exhibit competencies when needed. Selection of the candidate Training and Development Plans: On the basis of the reference checks and other competency testing we can now select the right person for the right job. Once the candidate is selected further plans for training can be prepared on the basis of the competencies required for meeting future changes in doing the job. Conclusion: From our discussion it is clear that competency based recruitment and selection can be more effective in selecting right candidate for the right job to enhance organizational efficiency. Thus organization’s need to develop a competency model which can be used as standard yard stick for implementing competency based recruitment and selection. This can not only reduce the cost of hiring the people but also enhance productivity significantly by building human resources as per the exact needs of the organization in complex business environment. Author:Nishant C. Mehta Lecturer, Shri H D Gardi MBA College, Jamnagar road, Nyara, Rajkot, Gujarat. Phone: +919227227501 Email: nishantcmehta@hotmail. com ———————– Identify the Recruitment Strategy Team Preparation of competency dictionary Defining competency based job profiles Recruitment Advertisement Selection of the candidate Competency Reference checks Competency Interviews Competency Tests Employee Training and Development Plans How to cite Competency Based Recruitment and Selection, Papers

Contemporary Challenges to It Managers

Question: Explain about the contemporary challenges to it managers. Answer: Outsourcing: Outsourcing today has transformed into a key pay and advancement procedure for skirting on every present organization. It makes flexibility in the association, ensuring the best utilization of open resources inside the association. It similarly offers ventures cost central focuses and free up their organization resources. More significantly, outsourcing helps firms to be locked in. Since the most gainful resource inside organization is time, once a method is adequately outsourced, the organization gets continuously and fruitful time to explore new salary streams, time to stimulate diverse ventures and time to focus on customers. For the most part directors contribute 80 percent of their vitality administering purposes of interest, and only 20 percent on orchestrating and customer relations, figuratively speaking, a productive toward the ocean outsourcing technique can reverse this extent. Outsourcing can in like manner help associations to have induction to new developments that won' t not be used as a piece of their association. This is fundamentally in light of the fact that the offshore outsourcing destinations use the latest best in class advances to serve their overall clients. Besides, may in like manner construct the chances of snappy development of these associations to new advancement. Toward the ocean outsourcing moreover helps multinational associations to manhandle the time zone advantage, by benefitting from 24-hour progression cycle. Tolerating round the clock organization preferences furthermore offering it to their customers when required(Chakravarty, Grewal, Sarker, and Sambamurthy, 2014). The consistently creating weight for extended productivity and profit of the American Companies joined with the openness of potential straightforwardness work of making countries, for instance, China and India have drove various associations towards offshore outsourcing. This is by virtue of these associations found the likelihood of an out and out cut down cost work pool a staggering allurement to move towards offshore outsourcing. In this way, the weights to reduce expenses and improve proficiency are the key components that influenced the begin of toward the ocean outsourcing. For example, the key purposes important to move era to China are the low work costs, terrible unrefined materials, and modestly negligible exertion of transportation. In this way, today outsourcing has transformed into an engaging and fit procedure for associations to reduce cost and upgrade execution. The expression "Outsourcing" is generally used when Companies contract out certain business abilities to an external supplier, wiping out the need to keep up inside staff essential to perform that limit. Outsourcing does not relentlessly recommend that livelihoods and creation are relocated to another country. Regardless, offshore outsourcing is the contracting of these business abilities to associations in lower cost, generally making nations, for instance, India, China, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Toward the ocean outsourcing implies trade with an unaffiliated assembling, while off-shoring suggests trade with a related party(Raman and Ahmad, 2013). Call Centres: Call centre, otherwise called Customer Interaction Center is a spot which is for the most part occupied with getting and transmitting countless, backings and request from clients by means of phone. Call centre is creating by sensational and quick speed, is steadily turning into an imperative and fundamental part arrange in present day ventures or organizations. It has been generally utilized as a part of city, open security, activity control, postal administrations, information transfers, saving money, protection, securities, power, IT and TV shopping industry, and in addition all items and stocks which need to utilize phone advertising, administration and support furthermore drastically overhauled the nature of administration exchanges and operational productivity. This article is going to portray how the administration works in call focus, investigation of the issues that specialists are confronting and propose a few answers for businesses and representatives to overcome regarding administrative difficulty , or enhance representatives' occupation fulfillment also(Ibrahim, 2012). Exceptionally organized and observed workplace is the primary reason prompting solid weight for specialists in contemporary call focus. All the more particularly, strict timetable of work, assignment target, rest, lunch time, or even the utilizing can are arranged and constrained. "Time off the telephone is observed." John Rolland clarified, the Executive Director in Telstra Customer Sales Service. The representative will confront some inconveniences when they went to washroom more than twice. "It demonstrates that 30 for every penny of aggregate compensation is at danger if targets are not met, and that as a consequence of partaking in the motivation arrangement, base pay and superannuation will be decreased." The remaining time is in the constant working and rehashing the same work that answer the telephone amid the entire day time frame, it can be envisioned to the real circumstance. As a staff who worked in a call centre said, "This is a troublesome work environment. You must hav e the capacity to take care of issues rapidly and be decent to clients notwithstanding when they are discourteous." The work day is much the same as a machine doing likewise undertakings ordinary. Besides, they need to adjust the differing qualities condition for noting clients' inquiries, which would be recorded for the checking their exhibitions. John Rolland depicted that "As happens in numerous call focuses, administrators check the amount of time experts go through on the telephone with any one client; measure the time they spend off the telephone; and screen the dialect utilized by specialists when they attempt to make a deal."(Ball Margulis, 2011). Electronic Waste(e-Waste): Electronic waste known as E-waste is one of the developing and rising issue in this world. E-waste comprises of numerous segments as dangerous substances which effectively affect human wellbeing and environment if not legitimately took care of. Creating nations have a few dumping of e-waste that accept the significance of administration. This brief paper gives EPR enactment to diminish the dangers of E-waste, dealing with the concerning issues, reusing operations and NGOs cooperation to battle it. It additionally concentrates on the developing issues and their key arrangements. Misuse of electrical and electronic material was considered as cost variable in past. Least demanding and least expensive method for transfer was chosen to put at the closest separation. At national level the acts of transfer are not permitted in numerous subjects. Misuse of the metropolitan strong comprises in electronic and electrical types of gear. Waste administration has been created for the all organizat ions required toward the end of life administration of electronic administration. Misuse of hardware and electrical supplies builds the mass of the dangerous inputs into nearby waste streams. On the off chance that the volume of the E-waste surpasses to that of prepared in assembling of items from the mining operations, then regardless of it will be a mineral situated on the globe. On the one hands this E-waste is utilized as crude material to shape new items while then again it has extremely unsafe potential effects on the environment. An expert looks the end of life procedures and also the chain values that are sorting, logistics and accumulation methodologies. Numerous systems were taken in hands for the medications of this E-waste like incineration and landfill. Already the reuse, reusing and remanufacturing of the E-waste is unequivocally prescribed to lessen the volume of these E-waste(Herat, 2009). Reusing is additionally underscored that is connected with the disgraceful transfer of materials. The circle of the modern waste can be shut by reusing of these waste materials as to manage the economy of that specific industry. In industrialized nations reusing has turned into a typical practice toward the end of life procedures. Reusing methodologies additionally contrast in yielding the standard quality items. A few elements are considered to reuse the E-waste for helpful purposes. A vital component of reusing procedure is to handle the circumstances emerging amid procedures as treatment of dangers materials, wellbeing and human services of specialists, rates of reusing and levels of reused material. It is watched that a long scale advancement of reusing of E-waste is accomplished in industrialized nations like U.S, Asia and Europe. Developed maker obligation is a principle strategy to handle this sort of issue. EPR assumes primary part for the makers to fuse the end of life aspec ts to plan new items. It is critical to give the vital motivations to every one of those included in making the administrative strategies. This can be upheld by the investigation of two Norwegian researchers the individuals who uncovered the pivotal part of administrative arrangements. They put the certainties of their overview and review members addressed that primary green innovative changes happen from the ecological directions in EU(Osibanjo Nnorom, 2007). Diasater Recovery: Merrill Lynch gives item and administrations to a great many brokers, speculators, organizations, and even to a huge number of individuals all around the world. This association is huge to the point that it has customers in more than 100 of nations all through the entire world. Business coherence is imperative for Merrill Lynch. We have distinguished all the real applications and elements of our organizations and built up a custom DR arrangement that is a flawless fit for this organization. For Merrill Lynch, high information accessibility is essential since we need our clients and customers to be associated with our servers and PCs all the time so as to maintain our business capacities their organizations too. Since this is a money related organization, we need to ensure that the organizations that depend on us are additionally protected and sound. Their future is our organization's future. We have composed our catastrophe recuperation arrangement in a manner that if anything happen s to our association, we realize that we are one hundred percent safe(Chandra Acosta, 2010). Above all else, we have to answer a critical inquiry before executing the calamity recuperation arrangement in our company. What are we attempting to secure in our organization? Why do we require catastrophe recuperation arrangement? What are the key resources of the association? These are a portion of the inquiries we have to reply before actualizing this arrangement. Our organization needs individuals, areas, IT advancements, programming, equipment, and other substantial and additionally non-unmistakable things that are required to work our business. These things are imperative to us. Truth be told, everything that backings our business progression arrangement is basic for our business. In this manner, this calamity recuperation arrangement covers every one of the techniques and methodology to ensure a wide range of things that are imperative to us. For instance, our hot destinations are on standby everywhere throughout the nation. This procedure of appropriating the information in various urban areas and spots is critical on the grounds that in the event that we get hit by a catastrophe in one spot, we know we have information accessible in somewhere else. Merrill Lynch likewise has inner and outer security parameters that we take after. A portion of the outer security practice and methods incorporate having security protects in each of our saving money destinations and organization's workplaces everywhere throughout the world. Our recuperation arrangement is good to the point that the recuperation time is nothing. The bigger the downtime is, the more cash we lose. Besides, SLAs are additionally imperative. We generally have SLAs accessible available with the goal that we can organize the occurrence in customer based circumstances. Additionally, we have reinforcements and RAID that are put away and kept safe in better places. "Catastrophe recuperation will keep on evolving with the managing an account industry. As banks turn out to be more advanced innovatio n clients, fiasco recuperation arrangements will follow. But banks must arrangement for catastrophe recuperation at all times. The way to effective debacle recuperation is the thing that happens much sooner than a fiasco strikes. With a practical recuperation arrangement, legitimately tried and focused on by senior administration, banks can viably keep up operations while accommodating the wellbeing of individuals and resources." ("How to Optimize the Urban Recovery After Earthquake Disaster Preparedness for Recovery from the Next Tokyo Earthquake ", 2012). References Ball, K. Margulis, S. (2011). Electronic monitoring and surveillance in call centres: a framework for investigation. Chakravarty, A., Grewal, R., Sarker, S., Sambamurthy, V. (2014). Choice of Geographical Location as Governance Strategy in Outsourcing Contracts: Localized Outsourcing, Global Outsourcing, and Onshore Outsourcing. Customer Needs And Solutions, 1(1), 11-22. Chandra, A. Acosta, J. (2010). Disaster Recovery Also Involves Human Recovery. JAMA, 304(14), 1608. Herat, S. (2009). Electronic waste: an emerging issue in solid waste management in Australia. How to Optimize the Urban Recovery After Earthquake Disaster Preparedness for Recovery from the Next Tokyo Earthquake . Ibrahim, Y. (2012). Temporality, space and technology: time-space discourses of call centres. New Technology, Work And Employment, 27(1), 23-35. Osibanjo, O. Nnorom, I. (2007). The challenge of electronic waste (e-waste) management in developing countries.

Strategic And Business Policy Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic And Business Policy Management? Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to efficient management of organizations resources in order to fulfill the strategic objectives of the business. Strategic management involves setting objectives, allocating resources to these objectives, devising an action plan and ensuring that the management rolls out strategies across the organization (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Strategic management differs from traditional approaches to management owing to its tactical nature. Decision makers of leading organizations consider external as well as internal environment while strategizing the plan for the firm. The essential purpose of strategic management is to ensure that companies are competitive and stand out in the industry of operation (Rothaermel, 2015). This also involves internal and external communications of the business so as to ensure transparent flow of information. The advent of strategic management is seen in various aspects of different businesses. With the increasing globalization, digitization and changing scenarios, it is important the organizations also adapt themselves to the environment. Therefore the change in the strategic decisions of the firm was imperative and largely recommended. This discipline was originated in 1950s and among various contributors to the same, Peter Drucker, Alfred Chandler and Igor Ansoff have played important roles (Grant, 2016). Over a period of time, strategic management has grown and developed into a separate field of study. Managers today are conducting various processes and adopting various strategies in order to enhance their performance and market power. Businesses conduct SWOT analysis to analyze their internal and external environment, PESTLE analysis is conducted to gain a deeper insight about the operating industry of the business and similarly Michel Porters five force model enables companies to gauge the competitiveness of the market. All these tools which are widely used today are all gifts of strategic management. This has changed the face of organizational management and has led to various organizations growing leaps and bounds and making a significant mark on the industry of operation. This report throws light on the importance of strategic management as well as three approaches of the same. The approaches covered in this report are stakeholder approach, industry organization approach as well as dynamic capabilities approach to strategic management. The benefits, limitations, viability as well as implementation issues for all of them are discussed for deeper understanding. Examples have been provided as and when required. Approaches to Strategic Management There are various approaches to strategic management and different companies adopt different approaches. This is due to the different nature of businesses in different industries. No single approach can be used for all the organizations due to the difference of resources, leadership and culture of the business. The three important approaches to strategic management are as below: Stakeholder approach Freeman (1984) has been largely credited behind this theory and its inception. Stakeholder management approach was also given by Ian Mitroff in his book Stakeholders of the organizational mind published in 1983. As the name denotes, this particular approach to strategic management keeps all the stakeholders of the business in the center. Stakeholders of any business includes all the people who are directly or indirectly related to the business. These include customers, employees, investors, media personnel, government bodies as well as unions. This approach ensures that the strategy development as well as performance assessment of any business revolve around its stakeholder expectations (Tantalo Priem, 2016). There are various businesses who follow this approach and they believe that the success of any organization depends on their stakeholders. If all the stakeholders of the business are truly satisfied and their needs are appropriately fulfilled, then the growth and development of the business is inevitable. The first step in this approach is to identify the exact needs of all the stakeholders, followed by analyzing and strategizing how the business can work towards fulfilling those expectations (Johnson, 2017). Viability of the approach: The approach is currently adopted by various businesses and has proved to be successful. However, it is difficult for the approach to be viable for every business especially those with clashing stakeholder interests. Suggested benefits: This approach has proved to be largely beneficial and effective for various leading organizations today. Such an approach by any business enhances the goodwill and the brand positioning of the firm. When the organization values its stakeholders then it builds a relationship of mutual respect and the stakeholders in turn work for the benefit of the organization. Secondly, in the process of identifying the needs of the stakeholders and defining objectives of the firm, communication among stakeholders improves and leads to transparency, effective flow of information as well as trust (Weiss, 2014). Lastly, a stakeholder approach to strategic management keeps the firm well aware in a 360 degree perspective and hence prevents the possibility of an unwanted or unforeseen risk to the firm. Implementation issues: Implementing any strategic management approach is largely difficult. Stakeholder approach may be faced with the following issues: Stakeholders may have conflicting interests. Then it will be difficult for the firm to formulate objectives and strategies which align all stakeholder expectations appropriately (Minoja, 2012). Difficulty in communication is a major issue associated with stakeholder theory as it is not always easy to be able to communicate with all the stakeholders and gauge their exact expectations from the firm. Limitations: The limitations associated with stakeholder theory are as below: First of all it is difficult to legitimately identify and list down all the stakeholders of the company. According to analysts, competitors are also stakeholders of the firm. Yet, practically it is difficult to focus on competitor expectations while formulating strategies of the business. No matter which strategies are applied, some stakeholders will always be benefitted more than other stakeholders. This may often lead to conflicts (Verbeke Tung, 2013). It is difficult for the firm to prioritize stakeholders in case of a conflict. Industrial organizational approach The industrial organizational approach of strategic management is based on economic theory. This theory asserts that the external environment and factors affecting the firm are more important than internal ones (Waldmen Jensen, 2016). This is specifically true with the objective of gaining competitive advantage in the industry. This approach asserts that the organizational performance largely depends on the industry variables and those should be kept in mind while devising organizational strategies. This approach helps firms in gaining a 360 degree status of their external environment and strategies their future actions by keeping that in mind. Such an approach is expected to help organizations maximize their revenues by gaining a deeper insight on the industrial environment (Gupta, 2013). This approach is largely adopted by pharmaceutical companies. For example, Glaxo Welcome produces a drug Zantac which is used for treating ulcers and heartburn. The drug is sold at a significantly higher price as compared to its manufacturing cost. This has been possible because Glaxo owns a large number of patents that exhibits other pharmaceutical companies from manufacturing a similar drug. This approach adopted by the company by taking advantage of the available information of its external environment has helped the business increase generated revenues as well as earn a market leadership. Viability of the approach: This approach however is not entirely viable in the longer run. In the above example also, it must be noted that Novopharma has won the permission from the US federal court to manufacture a generic version of the drug. Therefore, it is important that organizations weigh the benefits of the approach as well as its long term viability while industrially approaching strategic decision making. Suggested benefits: There are various benefits that are associated with the adoption of this approach to strategic management. Increased awareness of external environment helps the firm analyze its strengths and weaknesses and hence leads to improved growth (Shabanova Ismagilova, 2015). Industrial environment approach allows the company to remain prepared for unforeseen risks arising due to external environment. This approach assists firms in gaining a competitive advantage in the industry which eventually leads to improved performance and enhanced brand value (Campbell, Coff Kryscynski, 2012). Such an approach assists businesses in enhancing their market power. Implementation issues: In the process of adopting industrial organization approach to strategic management, there are various issues that may be faced by the company. Firstly, it will be difficult for the company to gather all the required information in order to be so deeply aware of the industry and secondly it may not always be possible for businesses to possess all the necessary resources to gain the competitive advantage after having all the information. Limitations: This approach as well has a few limitations as given below: Lack of importance given to the internal stakeholders of the business may affect performance of the firm. Increasingly available industry information and the quest to become market leaders may lure businesses into unethical practices. Dynamic Capabilities approach Dynamic capabilities approach of any business is based on the idea that the firm is capable to build, integrate and reconfigure its external as well as internal competencies in order to address its changing environment (Teece, 2012). This approach underlines that a firm must be adaptive to the ever changing business, economic, social or political environment that the business operates in. The strategies adopted by the firm change with the change in the environment and hence the organization becomes better prepared for unforeseen circumstances. In the vividly changing scenario of the world, it is important that businesses can also become flexible with their approaches. Hence such a strategy will enable the company to be prepared at all times. No doubt, in order to accomplish the same, the business needs additional resources and improved competencies. However, such an approach is largely adopted and recommended by leading businesses. The two big examples of companies demonstrating dynamic capabilities are Apple and IBM. They are both technological innovators and have consistently worked upon improving their offering to suit the changing consumer needs. Viability of the approach: The dynamic capability approach is largely viable and highly effective in the changing business scenarios that exist today. The approach in fact is sure to lead the organization to success in the future. Suggested benefits: Given the speed with which the business environment changes, it is largely beneficial to adopt and implement an approach which provides the firm with the needed flexibility to suit the changing environment (Beske, 2012). The benefits of this approach are as below: Such an approach provides the business a competitive advantage and hence leads to improved performance. Dynamic capabilities approach leads to continuous innovation and hence improved offerings (Peteraf, Stefano Verona, 2013). Dynamic capabilities approach enhances firms goodwill and brand positioning. Implementation issues: The biggest issue faced by the organization while implementing this approach is the lack of resources. It is not always possible for the firm to obtain, sustain or possess enough financial, technological or human resources so as to be able to consistently adapt to the changing environment. The second issue faced is the inability or the inefficiency of the firm to predict all the changes in the environment that is expected to impact the firm. Limitations: the limitations associated with dynamic capabilities approach of strategic management are as below: Inability of all the stakeholders of the organization to adapt to the changing strategies of the business. Lack of availability of resources technological, human, financial or knowledge. Conclusion Strategic management is the most empowering as well as disrupting change brought about in the business world. It refers to the idea of tactically defining the company strategies in order to accomplish well thought of objectives. Leading businesses today are adopting strategic management approaches to improve performance, maximize revenues, enhance brand value and ensure effective stakeholder returns (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Strategies are being adopted in different functional segments of the business. These include human resource management, operations management, financial management, risk management and stakeholder management. The strategic nature of the policies and objectives adopted by the company are giving them an advantage in the face of increasing competition in all leading industries. Every company adopts a different strategy as it may deem useful. This report has explained the three leading approaches to strategic management, their benefits, limitations as well as implementation issues. References Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. 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